diff --git a/cmd-run-shell.c b/cmd-run-shell.c
index 4b4399c8..045f551e 100644
--- a/cmd-run-shell.c
+++ b/cmd-run-shell.c
@@ -44,8 +44,8 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_run_shell_entry = {
 	.name = "run-shell",
 	.alias = "run",
 
-	.args = { "bd:Ct:c:", 0, 1, cmd_run_shell_args_parse },
-	.usage = "[-bC] [-c start-directory] [-d delay] " CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE
+	.args = { "bd:Ct:Es:c:", 0, 1, cmd_run_shell_args_parse },
+	.usage = "[-bCE] [-c start-directory] [-d delay] " CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE
 	         " [shell-command]",
 
 	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_PANE, CMD_FIND_CANFAIL },
@@ -158,6 +158,9 @@ cmd_run_shell_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	else
 		cdata->cwd = xstrdup(server_client_get_cwd(c, s));
 
+	if (args_has(args, 'E'))
+		cdata->flags |= JOB_SHOWSTDERR;
+
 	cdata->s = s;
 	if (s != NULL)
 		session_add_ref(s, __func__);
diff --git a/format.c b/format.c
index 05d65b68..bc648c14 100644
--- a/format.c
+++ b/format.c
@@ -106,6 +106,7 @@ format_job_cmp(struct format_job *fj1, struct format_job *fj2)
 #define FORMAT_CLIENTS 0x40000
 #define FORMAT_NOT 0x80000
 #define FORMAT_NOT_NOT 0x100000
+#define FORMAT_REPEAT 0x200000
 
 /* Limit on recursion. */
 #define FORMAT_LOOP_LIMIT 100
@@ -205,7 +206,7 @@ static const char *format_upper[] = {
 	"window_name",	/* W */
 	NULL,		/* X */
 	NULL,		/* Y */
-	NULL 		/* Z */
+	NULL		/* Z */
 };
 
 /* Single-character lowercase aliases. */
@@ -865,7 +866,7 @@ format_cb_history_bytes(struct format_tree *ft)
 	struct window_pane	*wp = ft->wp;
 	struct grid		*gd;
 	struct grid_line	*gl;
-	size_t		         size = 0;
+	size_t			 size = 0;
 	u_int			 i;
 	char			*value;
 
@@ -1623,11 +1624,11 @@ format_cb_cursor_shape(struct format_tree *ft)
 		switch (ft->wp->screen->cstyle) {
 		case SCREEN_CURSOR_BLOCK:
 			return (xstrdup("block"));
-    		case SCREEN_CURSOR_UNDERLINE:
+		case SCREEN_CURSOR_UNDERLINE:
 			return (xstrdup("underline"));
-    		case SCREEN_CURSOR_BAR:
+		case SCREEN_CURSOR_BAR:
 			return (xstrdup("bar"));
-    		default:
+		default:
 			return (xstrdup("default"));
 		}
 	}
@@ -3672,7 +3673,7 @@ format_quote_style(const char *s)
 char *
 format_pretty_time(time_t t, int seconds)
 {
-	struct tm       now_tm, tm;
+	struct tm	now_tm, tm;
 	time_t		now, age;
 	char		s[9];
 
@@ -3850,7 +3851,7 @@ format_unescape(const char *s)
 		    *s == '#' &&
 		    strchr(",#{}:", s[1]) != NULL) {
 			*cp++ = *++s;
- 			continue;
+			continue;
 		}
 		if (*s == '}')
 			brackets--;
@@ -3992,10 +3993,10 @@ format_build_modifiers(struct format_expand_state *es, const char **s,
 
 	/*
 	 * Modifiers are a ; separated list of the forms:
-	 *      l,m,C,a,b,c,d,n,t,w,q,E,T,S,W,P,<,>
+	 *	l,m,C,a,b,c,d,n,t,w,q,E,T,S,W,P,R,<,>
 	 *	=a
 	 *	=/a
-	 *      =/a/
+	 *	=/a/
 	 *	s/a/b/
 	 *	s/a/b
 	 *	||,&&,!=,==,<=,>=
@@ -4031,7 +4032,7 @@ format_build_modifiers(struct format_expand_state *es, const char **s,
 		}
 
 		/* Now try single character with arguments. */
-		if (strchr("mCNst=peq", cp[0]) == NULL)
+		if (strchr("mCNst=pReq", cp[0]) == NULL)
 			break;
 		c = cp[0];
 
@@ -4586,7 +4587,7 @@ format_replace(struct format_expand_state *es, const char *key, size_t keylen,
 	struct format_modifier		 *list, *cmp = NULL, *search = NULL;
 	struct format_modifier		**sub = NULL, *mexp = NULL, *fm;
 	struct format_modifier		 *bool_op_n = NULL;
-	u_int				  i, count, nsub = 0;
+	u_int				  i, count, nsub = 0, nrep;
 	struct format_expand_state	  next;
 
 	/* Make a copy of the key. */
@@ -4708,6 +4709,9 @@ format_replace(struct format_expand_state *es, const char *key, size_t keylen,
 			case 'L':
 				modifiers |= FORMAT_CLIENTS;
 				break;
+			case 'R':
+				modifiers |= FORMAT_REPEAT;
+				break;
 			}
 		} else if (fm->size == 2) {
 			if (strcmp(fm->modifier, "||") == 0 ||
@@ -4790,7 +4794,26 @@ format_replace(struct format_expand_state *es, const char *key, size_t keylen,
 			value = format_search(search, wp, new);
 		}
 		free(new);
-	} else if (modifiers & FORMAT_NOT) {
+    } else if (modifiers & FORMAT_REPEAT) {
+		/* Repeat multiple times. */
+		if (format_choose(es, copy, &left, &right, 1) != 0) {
+			format_log(es, "repeat syntax error: %s", copy);
+			goto fail;
+		}
+		nrep = strtonum(right, 1, 10000, &errstr);
+		if (errstr != NULL)
+			value = xstrdup("");
+		else {
+			value = xstrdup("");
+			for (i = 0; i < nrep; i++) {
+				xasprintf(&new, "%s%s", value, left);
+				free(value);
+				value = new;
+			}
+		}
+		free(right);
+		free(left);
+    } else if (modifiers & FORMAT_NOT) {
 		value = format_bool_op_1(es, copy, 1);
 	} else if (modifiers & FORMAT_NOT_NOT) {
 		value = format_bool_op_1(es, copy, 0);
@@ -5050,7 +5073,7 @@ format_expand1(struct format_expand_state *es, const char *fmt)
 	char			*buf, *out, *name;
 	const char		*ptr, *s, *style_end = NULL;
 	size_t			 off, len, n, outlen;
-	int     		 ch, brackets;
+	int			 ch, brackets;
 	char			 expanded[8192];
 
 	if (fmt == NULL || *fmt == '\0')
diff --git a/job.c b/job.c
index a5fc79c8..6a874121 100644
--- a/job.c
+++ b/job.c
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ job_run(const char *cmd, int argc, char **argv, struct environ *e,
 	struct job	 *job;
 	struct environ	 *env;
 	pid_t		  pid;
-	int		  nullfd, out[2], master;
+	int		  nullfd, out[2], master, do_close = 1;
 	const char	 *home, *shell;
 	sigset_t	  set, oldset;
 	struct winsize	  ws;
@@ -150,19 +150,26 @@ job_run(const char *cmd, int argc, char **argv, struct environ *e,
 		if (~flags & JOB_PTY) {
 			if (dup2(out[1], STDIN_FILENO) == -1)
 				fatal("dup2 failed");
+			do_close = do_close && out[1] != STDIN_FILENO;
 			if (dup2(out[1], STDOUT_FILENO) == -1)
 				fatal("dup2 failed");
-			if (out[1] != STDIN_FILENO && out[1] != STDOUT_FILENO)
+			do_close = do_close && out[1] != STDOUT_FILENO;
+			if (flags & JOB_SHOWSTDERR) {
+				if (dup2(out[1], STDERR_FILENO) == -1)
+					fatal("dup2 failed");
+				do_close = do_close && out[1] != STDERR_FILENO;
+			} else {
+				nullfd = open(_PATH_DEVNULL, O_RDWR);
+				if (nullfd == -1)
+					fatal("open failed");
+				if (dup2(nullfd, STDERR_FILENO) == -1)
+					fatal("dup2 failed");
+				if (nullfd != STDERR_FILENO)
+					close(nullfd);
+			}
+			if (do_close)
 				close(out[1]);
 			close(out[0]);
-
-			nullfd = open(_PATH_DEVNULL, O_RDWR);
-			if (nullfd == -1)
-				fatal("open failed");
-			if (dup2(nullfd, STDERR_FILENO) == -1)
-				fatal("dup2 failed");
-			if (nullfd != STDERR_FILENO)
-				close(nullfd);
 		}
 		closefrom(STDERR_FILENO + 1);
 
diff --git a/status.c b/status.c
index 745ee3ae..2786db7e 100644
--- a/status.c
+++ b/status.c
@@ -631,17 +631,18 @@ status_prompt_set(struct client *c, struct cmd_find_state *fs,
 
 	if (input == NULL)
 		input = "";
-	if (flags & PROMPT_NOFORMAT)
-		tmp = xstrdup(input);
-	else
-		tmp = format_expand_time(ft, input);
 
 	status_message_clear(c);
 	status_prompt_clear(c);
 	status_push_screen(c);
 
-	c->prompt_string = format_expand_time(ft, msg);
+	c->prompt_formats = ft;
+	c->prompt_string = xstrdup (msg);
 
+	if (flags & PROMPT_NOFORMAT)
+		tmp = xstrdup(input);
+	else
+		tmp = format_expand_time(ft, input);
 	if (flags & PROMPT_INCREMENTAL) {
 		c->prompt_last = xstrdup(tmp);
 		c->prompt_buffer = utf8_fromcstr("");
@@ -650,6 +651,7 @@ status_prompt_set(struct client *c, struct cmd_find_state *fs,
 		c->prompt_buffer = utf8_fromcstr(tmp);
 	}
 	c->prompt_index = utf8_strlen(c->prompt_buffer);
+	free(tmp);
 
 	c->prompt_inputcb = inputcb;
 	c->prompt_freecb = freecb;
@@ -668,9 +670,6 @@ status_prompt_set(struct client *c, struct cmd_find_state *fs,
 	if (flags & PROMPT_INCREMENTAL)
 		c->prompt_inputcb(c, c->prompt_data, "=", 0);
 
-	free(tmp);
-	format_free(ft);
-
 	if ((flags & PROMPT_SINGLE) && (flags & PROMPT_ACCEPT))
 		cmdq_append(c, cmdq_get_callback(status_prompt_accept, c));
 }
@@ -688,6 +687,9 @@ status_prompt_clear(struct client *c)
 	free(c->prompt_last);
 	c->prompt_last = NULL;
 
+	format_free(c->prompt_formats);
+	c->prompt_formats = NULL;
+
 	free(c->prompt_string);
 	c->prompt_string = NULL;
 
@@ -707,27 +709,20 @@ status_prompt_clear(struct client *c)
 void
 status_prompt_update(struct client *c, const char *msg, const char *input)
 {
-	struct format_tree	*ft;
-	char			*tmp;
-
-	ft = format_create(c, NULL, FORMAT_NONE, 0);
-	format_defaults(ft, c, NULL, NULL, NULL);
-
-	tmp = format_expand_time(ft, input);
+	char	*tmp;
 
 	free(c->prompt_string);
-	c->prompt_string = format_expand_time(ft, msg);
+	c->prompt_string = xstrdup(msg);
 
 	free(c->prompt_buffer);
+	tmp = format_expand_time(c->prompt_formats, input);
 	c->prompt_buffer = utf8_fromcstr(tmp);
 	c->prompt_index = utf8_strlen(c->prompt_buffer);
+	free(tmp);
 
 	memset(c->prompt_hindex, 0, sizeof c->prompt_hindex);
 
 	c->flags |= CLIENT_REDRAWSTATUS;
-
-	free(tmp);
-	format_free(ft);
 }
 
 /* Redraw character. Return 1 if can continue redrawing, 0 otherwise. */
@@ -790,7 +785,8 @@ status_prompt_redraw(struct client *c)
 	u_int			 i, lines, offset, left, start, width, n;
 	u_int			 pcursor, pwidth, promptline;
 	struct grid_cell	 gc;
-	struct format_tree	*ft;
+	struct format_tree	*ft = c->prompt_formats;
+	char			*prompt, *tmp;
 
 	if (c->tty.sx == 0 || c->tty.sy == 0)
 		return (0);
@@ -811,14 +807,17 @@ status_prompt_redraw(struct client *c)
 	if (promptline > lines - 1)
 		promptline = lines - 1;
 
-	ft = format_create_defaults(NULL, c, NULL, NULL, NULL);
 	if (c->prompt_mode == PROMPT_COMMAND)
 		style_apply(&gc, s->options, "message-command-style", ft);
 	else
 		style_apply(&gc, s->options, "message-style", ft);
-	format_free(ft);
 
-	start = format_width(c->prompt_string);
+	tmp = utf8_tocstr(c->prompt_buffer);
+	format_add(c->prompt_formats, "prompt-input", "%s", tmp);
+	prompt = format_expand_time(c->prompt_formats, c->prompt_string);
+	free (tmp);
+
+	start = format_width(prompt);
 	if (start > c->tty.sx)
 		start = c->tty.sx;
 
@@ -828,7 +827,7 @@ status_prompt_redraw(struct client *c)
 	for (offset = 0; offset < c->tty.sx; offset++)
 		screen_write_putc(&ctx, &gc, ' ');
 	screen_write_cursormove(&ctx, 0, promptline, 0);
-	format_draw(&ctx, &gc, start, c->prompt_string, NULL, 0);
+	format_draw(&ctx, &gc, start, prompt, NULL, 0);
 	screen_write_cursormove(&ctx, start, promptline, 0);
 
 	left = c->tty.sx - start;
diff --git a/tmux.1 b/tmux.1
index 58686732..da3225bc 100644
--- a/tmux.1
+++ b/tmux.1
@@ -5835,6 +5835,12 @@ expands to the length of the variable and
 .Ql w
 to its width when displayed, for example
 .Ql #{n:window_name} .
+.Ql R
+repeats the first argument by a number of times given by the second argument,
+so
+.Ql #{R:a,3}
+will result in
+.Ql aaa .
 .Pp
 Prefixing a time variable with
 .Ql t:\&
@@ -7283,7 +7289,7 @@ Lock each client individually by running the command specified by the
 option.
 .Tg run
 .It Xo Ic run-shell
-.Op Fl bC
+.Op Fl bCE
 .Op Fl c Ar start-directory
 .Op Fl d Ar delay
 .Op Fl t Ar target-pane
@@ -7311,6 +7317,8 @@ the command is run in the background.
 waits for
 .Ar delay
 seconds before starting the command.
+.Fl E
+redirects the command's stderr to stdout instead of ignoring it.
 If
 .Fl c
 is given, the current working directory is set to
diff --git a/tmux.h b/tmux.h
index cd71634a..55334e93 100644
--- a/tmux.h
+++ b/tmux.h
@@ -2024,6 +2024,7 @@ struct client {
 	struct event		 message_timer;
 
 	char			*prompt_string;
+	struct format_tree	*prompt_formats;
 	struct utf8_data	*prompt_buffer;
 	char			*prompt_last;
 	size_t			 prompt_index;
@@ -2428,6 +2429,7 @@ typedef void (*job_free_cb) (void *);
 #define JOB_KEEPWRITE 0x2
 #define JOB_PTY 0x4
 #define JOB_DEFAULTSHELL 0x8
+#define JOB_SHOWSTDERR 0x10
 struct job	*job_run(const char *, int, char **, struct environ *,
 		     struct session *, const char *, job_update_cb,
 		     job_complete_cb, job_free_cb, void *, int, int, int);
diff --git a/tty.c b/tty.c
index bfedb8ee..19e55757 100644
--- a/tty.c
+++ b/tty.c
@@ -2756,8 +2756,7 @@ tty_attributes(struct tty *tty, const struct grid_cell *gc,
 	if (changed & GRID_ATTR_ITALICS)
 		tty_set_italics(tty);
 	if (changed & GRID_ATTR_ALL_UNDERSCORE) {
-		if ((changed & GRID_ATTR_UNDERSCORE) ||
-		    !tty_term_has(tty->term, TTYC_SMULX))
+		if (changed & GRID_ATTR_UNDERSCORE)
 			tty_putcode(tty, TTYC_SMUL);
 		else if (changed & GRID_ATTR_UNDERSCORE_2)
 			tty_putcode_i(tty, TTYC_SMULX, 2);