diff --git a/CHANGES b/CHANGES
index 550e2d6d..e0928bb0 100644
--- a/CHANGES
+++ b/CHANGES
@@ -1,5 +1,16 @@
 14 January 2009
 
+* Multiple vertical window splitting. Minimum pane size is four lines, an
+  (unhelpful) error will be shown if attempting to split a window with less
+  that eight lines. If the window is resized, as many panes are shown as can
+  fit without reducing them below four lines. There is (currently!) not a way
+  to show a hidden a pane without making the window larger.
+
+  Note the -p and -l options to split-window are now gone, these may reappear
+  once I think them through again.
+
+  To come: up-pane, down-pane; switch-pane will support -p and become
+  select-pane.
 * Server locking on inactivity (lock-after-time) is now disabled by default.
 
 13 January 2009
@@ -906,7 +917,7 @@
   (including mutt, emacs). No status bar yet and no key remapping or other
   customisation.
 
-$Id: CHANGES,v 1.202 2009-01-14 18:41:55 nicm Exp $
+$Id: CHANGES,v 1.203 2009-01-14 19:29:32 nicm Exp $
 
  LocalWords:  showw utf UTF fulvio ciriaco joshe OSC APC gettime abc DEF OA clr
  LocalWords:  rivo nurges lscm Erdely eol smysession mysession ek dstname RB
diff --git a/TODO b/TODO
index c8d1f460..30bc96be 100644
--- a/TODO
+++ b/TODO
@@ -98,3 +98,9 @@
 - key handling sucks a bit and needs to be reworked
 - prefix-time should only apply to a few commands otherwise it is too annoying
 
+-----
+SPLITTING
+emacs-style:
+	- when resizing, always expand and reduce from top to bottom
+	- minimum size 4 + separator
+	- if not enough room hide windows from top to bottom
diff --git a/cmd-kill-pane.c b/cmd-kill-pane.c
index ccfcfe39..81040cc1 100644
--- a/cmd-kill-pane.c
+++ b/cmd-kill-pane.c
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $Id: cmd-kill-pane.c,v 1.1 2009-01-13 06:50:10 nicm Exp $ */
+/* $Id: cmd-kill-pane.c,v 1.2 2009-01-14 19:29:32 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2009 Nicholas Marriott <nicm@users.sourceforge.net>
@@ -53,17 +53,18 @@ cmd_kill_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmd_ctx *ctx)
 	if (data->pane == -1)
 		wp = wl->window->active;
 	else {
-		if (data->pane > 1 || wl->window->panes[data->pane] == NULL) {
+		wp = window_pane_at_index(wl->window, data->pane);
+		if (wp == NULL) {
 			ctx->error(ctx, "no pane: %d", data->pane);
 			return;
 		}
-		wp = wl->window->panes[data->pane];
 	}
 
-	if (window_remove_pane(wl->window, wp) != 0) {
+	if (window_count_panes(wl->window) == 1) {
 		ctx->error(ctx, "can't kill pane: %d", data->pane);
 		return;
 	}
+	window_remove_pane(wl->window, wp);
 	server_redraw_window(wl->window);
 
 	if (ctx->cmdclient != NULL)
diff --git a/cmd-list-windows.c b/cmd-list-windows.c
index 66360f65..ef740a22 100644
--- a/cmd-list-windows.c
+++ b/cmd-list-windows.c
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $Id: cmd-list-windows.c,v 1.27 2009-01-12 18:22:47 nicm Exp $ */
+/* $Id: cmd-list-windows.c,v 1.28 2009-01-14 19:29:32 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicm@users.sourceforge.net>
@@ -62,10 +62,7 @@ cmd_list_windows_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmd_ctx *ctx)
 
 		ctx->print(ctx,
 		    "%d: %s [%ux%u]", wl->idx, w->name, w->sx, w->sy);
-		for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
-			wp = w->panes[i];
-			if (wp == NULL)
-				continue;	
+		TAILQ_FOREACH(wp, &w->panes, entry) {
 			gd = wp->base.grid;
 			
 			size = 0;
@@ -79,9 +76,9 @@ cmd_list_windows_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmd_ctx *ctx)
 			else
 				name = "";
 		
-			ctx->print(ctx, "   pane %d:"
-			    " %s [%ux%u] [history %u/%u, %llu bytes]", i, name,
-			    wp->sx, wp->sy, gd->hsize, gd->hlimit, size);
+			ctx->print(ctx, 
+			    "    %s [%ux%u] [history %u/%u, %llu bytes]", i, 
+			    name, wp->sx, wp->sy, gd->hsize, gd->hlimit, size);
 		}
 	}
 
diff --git a/cmd-resize-pane-down.c b/cmd-resize-pane-down.c
index 1737f99e..4f61db45 100644
--- a/cmd-resize-pane-down.c
+++ b/cmd-resize-pane-down.c
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $Id: cmd-resize-pane-down.c,v 1.1 2009-01-12 19:23:14 nicm Exp $ */
+/* $Id: cmd-resize-pane-down.c,v 1.2 2009-01-14 19:29:32 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2009 Nicholas Marriott <nicm@users.sourceforge.net>
@@ -23,69 +23,81 @@
 #include "tmux.h"
 
 /*
- * Increase pane size.
+ * Decrease pane size.
  */
 
 void	cmd_resize_pane_down_exec(struct cmd *, struct cmd_ctx *);
 
 const struct cmd_entry cmd_resize_pane_down_entry = {
-	"resize-pane-down", "resizep-dn",
-	CMD_TARGET_WINDOW_USAGE " [adjustment]",
+	"resize-pane-down", "resizep-down",
+	CMD_PANE_WINDOW_USAGE " [adjustment]",
 	CMD_ZEROONEARG,
-	cmd_target_init,
-	cmd_target_parse,
+	cmd_pane_init,
+	cmd_pane_parse,
 	cmd_resize_pane_down_exec,
-       	cmd_target_send,
-	cmd_target_recv,
-	cmd_target_free,
-	cmd_target_print
+       	cmd_pane_send,
+	cmd_pane_recv,
+	cmd_pane_free,
+	cmd_pane_print
 };
 
 void
 cmd_resize_pane_down_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmd_ctx *ctx)
 {
-	struct cmd_target_data	*data = self->data;
+	struct cmd_pane_data	*data = self->data;
 	struct winlink		*wl;
-	int			 adjust;
 	const char	       	*errstr;
-	u_int			 y0, y1;
+	struct window_pane	*wp, *wq;
+	u_int			 adjust;
 	
 	if ((wl = cmd_find_window(ctx, data->target, NULL)) == NULL)
 		return;
-#ifdef notyet
 	if (data->pane == -1)
 		wp = wl->window->active;
 	else {
-		if (data->pane > 1 || wl->window->panes[data->pane] == NULL) {
+		wp = window_pane_at_index(wl->window, data->pane);
+		if (wp == NULL) {
 			ctx->error(ctx, "no pane: %d", data->pane);
 			return;
 		}
-		wp = wl->window->panes[data->pane];
 	}
-#endif
 
 	if (data->arg == NULL)
 		adjust = 1;
 	else {
-		adjust = strtonum(data->arg, 0, INT_MAX, &errstr);
+		adjust = strtonum(data->arg, 1, INT_MAX, &errstr);
 		if (errstr != NULL) {
 			ctx->error(ctx, "adjustment %s: %s", errstr, data->arg);
 			return;
 		}
 	}
 
-	if (wl->window->panes[1] == NULL)
-		goto out;
+	/*
+	 * If this is not the last window, keep trying to increase size and
+	 * remove it from the next windows. If it is the last, do so on the
+	 * previous window.
+	 */
+	if (TAILQ_NEXT(wp, entry) == NULL) {
+		if (wp == TAILQ_FIRST(&wl->window->panes)) {
+			/* Only one pane. */
+			goto out;
+		}
+		wp = TAILQ_PREV(wp, window_panes, entry);
+	}
+	while (adjust-- > 0) {
+		wq = wp;
+		while ((wq = TAILQ_NEXT(wq, entry)) != NULL) {
+			if (wq->sy > PANE_MINIMUM) {
+				window_pane_resize(wq, wq->sx, wq->sy - 1);
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		if (wq == NULL)
+			break;
+		window_pane_resize(wp, wp->sx, wp->sy + 1);
 
-	y0 = wl->window->panes[0]->sy;
-	y1 = wl->window->panes[1]->sy;
-	if (adjust >= y1)
-		adjust = y1 - 1;
-	y0 += adjust;
-	y1 -= adjust;		
-	window_pane_resize(wl->window->panes[0], wl->window->sx, y0);
-	window_pane_resize(wl->window->panes[1], wl->window->sx, y1);
-	wl->window->panes[1]->yoff = y0 + 1;		
+	}
+	window_update_panes(wl->window);
 
 	server_redraw_window(wl->window);
 
diff --git a/cmd-resize-pane-up.c b/cmd-resize-pane-up.c
index d9e58243..82f8f8ec 100644
--- a/cmd-resize-pane-up.c
+++ b/cmd-resize-pane-up.c
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $Id: cmd-resize-pane-up.c,v 1.1 2009-01-12 19:23:14 nicm Exp $ */
+/* $Id: cmd-resize-pane-up.c,v 1.2 2009-01-14 19:29:32 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2009 Nicholas Marriott <nicm@users.sourceforge.net>
@@ -30,62 +30,69 @@ void	cmd_resize_pane_up_exec(struct cmd *, struct cmd_ctx *);
 
 const struct cmd_entry cmd_resize_pane_up_entry = {
 	"resize-pane-up", "resizep-up",
-	CMD_TARGET_WINDOW_USAGE " [adjustment]",
+	CMD_PANE_WINDOW_USAGE " [adjustment]",
 	CMD_ZEROONEARG,
-	cmd_target_init,
-	cmd_target_parse,
+	cmd_pane_init,
+	cmd_pane_parse,
 	cmd_resize_pane_up_exec,
-       	cmd_target_send,
-	cmd_target_recv,
-	cmd_target_free,
-	cmd_target_print
+       	cmd_pane_send,
+	cmd_pane_recv,
+	cmd_pane_free,
+	cmd_pane_print
 };
 
 void
 cmd_resize_pane_up_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmd_ctx *ctx)
 {
-	struct cmd_target_data	*data = self->data;
+	struct cmd_pane_data	*data = self->data;
 	struct winlink		*wl;
-	int			 adjust;
 	const char	       	*errstr;
-	u_int			 y0, y1;
+	struct window_pane	*wp, *wq;
+	u_int			 adjust;
 	
 	if ((wl = cmd_find_window(ctx, data->target, NULL)) == NULL)
 		return;
-#ifdef notyet
 	if (data->pane == -1)
 		wp = wl->window->active;
 	else {
-		if (data->pane > 1 || wl->window->panes[data->pane] == NULL) {
+		wp = window_pane_at_index(wl->window, data->pane);
+		if (wp == NULL) {
 			ctx->error(ctx, "no pane: %d", data->pane);
 			return;
 		}
-		wp = wl->window->panes[data->pane];
 	}
-#endif
 
 	if (data->arg == NULL)
 		adjust = 1;
 	else {
-		adjust = strtonum(data->arg, 0, INT_MAX, &errstr);
+		adjust = strtonum(data->arg, 1, INT_MAX, &errstr);
 		if (errstr != NULL) {
 			ctx->error(ctx, "adjustment %s: %s", errstr, data->arg);
 			return;
 		}
 	}
 
-	if (wl->window->panes[1] == NULL)
-		goto out;
-
-	y0 = wl->window->panes[0]->sy;
-	y1 = wl->window->panes[1]->sy;
-	if (adjust >= y0)
-		adjust = y0 - 1;
-	y0 -= adjust;
-	y1 += adjust;		
-	window_pane_resize(wl->window->panes[0], wl->window->sx, y0);
-	window_pane_resize(wl->window->panes[1], wl->window->sx, y1);
-	wl->window->panes[1]->yoff = y0 + 1;		
+	/*
+	 * If this is not the last window, keep trying to reduce size and add
+	 * to the following window. If it is the last, do so on the previous
+	 * window.
+	 */
+	wq = TAILQ_NEXT(wp, entry);
+	if (wq == NULL) {
+		if (wp == TAILQ_FIRST(&wl->window->panes)) {
+			/* Only one pane. */
+			goto out;
+		}
+		wq = wp;
+		wp = TAILQ_PREV(wq, window_panes, entry);
+	}
+	while (adjust-- > 0) {
+		if (wp->sy <= PANE_MINIMUM)
+			break;
+		window_pane_resize(wq, wq->sx, wq->sy + 1);
+		window_pane_resize(wp, wp->sx, wp->sy - 1);
+	}
+	window_update_panes(wl->window);
 
 	server_redraw_window(wl->window);
 
diff --git a/cmd-respawn-window.c b/cmd-respawn-window.c
index a50eadd0..7b52d493 100644
--- a/cmd-respawn-window.c
+++ b/cmd-respawn-window.c
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $Id: cmd-respawn-window.c,v 1.9 2009-01-13 06:50:10 nicm Exp $ */
+/* $Id: cmd-respawn-window.c,v 1.10 2009-01-14 19:29:32 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2008 Nicholas Marriott <nicm@users.sourceforge.net>
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ cmd_respawn_window_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmd_ctx *ctx)
 	struct cmd_target_data	*data = self->data;
 	struct winlink		*wl;
 	struct window		*w;
+	struct window_pane	*wp;
 	struct session		*s;
 	const char		*env[] = CHILD_ENVIRON;
 	char		 	 buf[256];
@@ -56,10 +57,14 @@ cmd_respawn_window_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmd_ctx *ctx)
 		return;
 	w = wl->window;
 
-	if ((w->panes[0]->fd != -1 || (w->panes[1] != NULL &&
-	    w->panes[1]->fd != -1)) && !(data->flags & CMD_KFLAG)) {
-		ctx->error(ctx, "window still active: %s:%d", s->name, wl->idx);
-		return;
+	if (!(data->flags & CMD_KFLAG)) {
+		TAILQ_FOREACH(wp, &w->panes, entry) {
+			if (wp->fd == -1)
+				continue;
+			ctx->error(ctx,
+			    "window still active: %s:%d", s->name, wl->idx);
+			return;
+		}
 	}
 
 	if (session_index(s, &i) != 0)
@@ -67,14 +72,16 @@ cmd_respawn_window_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmd_ctx *ctx)
 	xsnprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "TMUX=%ld,%u", (long) getpid(), i);
 	env[0] = buf;
 
-	if (w->panes[1] != NULL)
-		window_remove_pane(w, w->panes[1]);
-
-	if (window_pane_spawn(w->panes[0], data->arg, NULL, env) != 0) {
+	wp = TAILQ_FIRST(&w->panes);
+	TAILQ_REMOVE(&w->panes, wp, entry);
+ 	window_destroy_panes(w);
+	TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&w->panes, wp, entry);
+	window_pane_resize(wp, w->sx, w->sy);
+	if (window_pane_spawn(wp, data->arg, NULL, env) != 0) {
 		ctx->error(ctx, "respawn failed: %s:%d", s->name, wl->idx);
 		return;
 	}
-	screen_reinit(&w->panes[0]->base);
+	screen_reinit(&wp->base);
 
 	recalculate_sizes();
 	server_redraw_window(w);
diff --git a/cmd-split-window.c b/cmd-split-window.c
index 37b220e2..9019932e 100644
--- a/cmd-split-window.c
+++ b/cmd-split-window.c
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $Id: cmd-split-window.c,v 1.3 2009-01-12 18:22:47 nicm Exp $ */
+/* $Id: cmd-split-window.c,v 1.4 2009-01-14 19:29:32 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2009 Nicholas Marriott <nicm@users.sourceforge.net>
@@ -39,14 +39,11 @@ struct cmd_split_window_data {
 	char	*target;
 	char	*cmd;
 	int	 flag_detached;
-	
-	int	 lines;
-	int	 percentage;
 };
 
 const struct cmd_entry cmd_split_window_entry = {
 	"split-window", "splitw",
-	"[-d] [-t target-window] [-l lines|-p percentage] [command]",
+	"[-d] [-t target-window] [command]",
 	0,
 	cmd_split_window_init,
 	cmd_split_window_parse,
@@ -66,16 +63,13 @@ cmd_split_window_init(struct cmd *self, unused int arg)
 	data->target = NULL;
 	data->cmd = NULL;
 	data->flag_detached = 0;
-	data->lines = -1;
-	data->percentage = -1;
 }
 
 int
 cmd_split_window_parse(struct cmd *self, int argc, char **argv, char **cause)
 {
 	struct cmd_split_window_data	*data;
-	int				 opt, n;
-	const char		        *errstr;
+	int				 opt;
 
 	self->entry->init(self, 0);
 	data = self->data;
@@ -85,30 +79,6 @@ cmd_split_window_parse(struct cmd *self, int argc, char **argv, char **cause)
 		case 'd':
 			data->flag_detached = 1;
 			break;
-		case 'l':
-			if (data->percentage != -1)
-				goto usage;
-			if (data->lines == -1) {
-				n = strtonum(optarg, 0, INT_MAX, &errstr);
-				if (errstr != NULL) {
-					xasprintf(cause, "number %s", errstr);
-					goto error;
-				}
-				data->lines = n;
-			}
-			break;
-		case 'p':
-			if (data->lines != -1)
-				goto usage;
-			if (data->percentage == -1) {
-				n = strtonum(optarg, 0, INT_MAX, &errstr);
-				if (errstr != NULL) {
-					xasprintf(cause, "number %s", errstr);
-					goto error;
-				}
-				data->percentage = n;
-			}
-			break;
 		case 't':
 			if (data->target == NULL)
 				data->target = xstrdup(optarg);
@@ -130,7 +100,6 @@ cmd_split_window_parse(struct cmd *self, int argc, char **argv, char **cause)
 usage:
 	xasprintf(cause, "usage: %s %s", self->entry->name, self->entry->usage);
 
-error:
 	self->entry->free(self);
 	return (-1);
 }
@@ -142,20 +111,16 @@ cmd_split_window_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmd_ctx *ctx)
 	struct session			*s;
 	struct winlink			*wl;
 	struct window			*w;
+	struct window_pane		*wp;
 	const char			*env[] = CHILD_ENVIRON;
 	char		 		 buf[256];
 	char				*cmd, *cwd;
-	u_int				 i, hlimit, size;
+	u_int				 i, hlimit;
 
 	if ((wl = cmd_find_window(ctx, data->target, &s)) == NULL)
 		return;
 	w = wl->window;
 
-	if (w->panes[1] != NULL) {
-		ctx->error(ctx, "window is already split");
-		return;
-	}
-
 	if (session_index(s, &i) != 0)
 		fatalx("session not found");
 	xsnprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "TMUX=%ld,%u", (long) getpid(), i);
@@ -169,26 +134,15 @@ cmd_split_window_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmd_ctx *ctx)
 	else
 		cwd = ctx->cmdclient->cwd;
 
-	size = w->sy / 2;
-	if (data->lines != -1)
-		size = data->lines;
-	if (data->percentage != -1) {
-		if (data->percentage > 100)
-			data->percentage = 100;
-		size = (w->sy * data->percentage) / 100;
-	}
-	if (size > w->sy)
-		size = w->sy;	/* let window_add_pane sort it out */
-
 	hlimit = options_get_number(&s->options, "history-limit");
-	if (window_add_pane(w, size, cmd, cwd, env, hlimit) < 0) {
+	if ((wp = window_add_pane(w, cmd, cwd, env, hlimit)) == NULL) {
 		ctx->error(ctx, "command failed: %s", cmd);
 		return;
 	}
 	server_redraw_window(w);
 	
 	if (!data->flag_detached) {
-		w->active = w->panes[1];
+		window_set_active_pane(w, wp);
 		session_select(s, wl->idx);
 		server_redraw_session(s);
 	} else
diff --git a/cmd-switch-pane.c b/cmd-switch-pane.c
index a84f01fa..01466fdb 100644
--- a/cmd-switch-pane.c
+++ b/cmd-switch-pane.c
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $Id: cmd-switch-pane.c,v 1.1 2009-01-11 23:31:46 nicm Exp $ */
+/* $Id: cmd-switch-pane.c,v 1.2 2009-01-14 19:29:32 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2009 Nicholas Marriott <nicm@users.sourceforge.net>
@@ -44,17 +44,17 @@ cmd_switch_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmd_ctx *ctx)
 {
 	struct cmd_target_data	*data = self->data;
 	struct winlink		*wl;
+	struct window_pane	*wp;
 
 	if ((wl = cmd_find_window(ctx, data->target, NULL)) == NULL)
 		return;
+	
+	wp = TAILQ_NEXT(wl->window->active, entry);
+	if (wp == NULL)
+		wp = TAILQ_FIRST(&wl->window->panes);
+	window_set_active_pane(wl->window, wp);
 
-	if (wl->window->panes[1] != NULL) {
-		if (wl->window->active == wl->window->panes[0])
-			wl->window->active = wl->window->panes[1];
-		else
-			wl->window->active = wl->window->panes[0];
-		server_redraw_window(wl->window);
-	}
+	server_redraw_window(wl->window);
 
 	if (ctx->cmdclient != NULL)
 		server_write_client(ctx->cmdclient, MSG_EXIT, NULL, 0);
diff --git a/key-bindings.c b/key-bindings.c
index f3ce1bb8..633b7d53 100644
--- a/key-bindings.c
+++ b/key-bindings.c
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $Id: key-bindings.c,v 1.45 2009-01-13 01:08:40 nicm Exp $ */
+/* $Id: key-bindings.c,v 1.46 2009-01-14 19:29:32 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicm@users.sourceforge.net>
@@ -108,6 +108,7 @@ key_bindings_init(void)
 		{ 's', &cmd_list_sessions_entry },
 		{ 't', &cmd_clock_mode_entry },
 		{ 'w', &cmd_list_windows_entry },
+		{ 'x', &cmd_kill_pane_entry, },
 		{ KEYC_ADDCTL(KEYC_UP), &cmd_resize_pane_up_entry },
 		{ KEYC_ADDCTL(KEYC_DOWN), &cmd_resize_pane_down_entry },
 		{ META, &cmd_send_prefix_entry },
diff --git a/screen-redraw.c b/screen-redraw.c
index f8c8eed5..2094bb6f 100644
--- a/screen-redraw.c
+++ b/screen-redraw.c
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $Id: screen-redraw.c,v 1.17 2009-01-12 18:22:47 nicm Exp $ */
+/* $Id: screen-redraw.c,v 1.18 2009-01-14 19:29:32 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicm@users.sourceforge.net>
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
 #include "tmux.h"
 
 void	screen_redraw_blankx(struct client *, u_int, u_int);
-void	screen_redraw_blanky(struct client *, u_int, u_int);
+void	screen_redraw_blanky(struct client *, u_int, u_int, char);
 void	screen_redraw_line(struct client *, struct screen *, u_int, u_int);
 
 /* Redraw entire screen.. */
@@ -42,38 +42,24 @@ screen_redraw_screen(struct client *c, struct screen *s)
 		return;
 	}
 
-	/* 
-	 * A normal client screen is made up of three parts: a top window, a
-	 * bottom window and a status line. The bottom window may be turned
-	 * off; the status line is always drawn.
-	 */
+	status = options_get_number(&c->session->options, "status");
 
-	/* Draw the top window. */
-	wp = w->panes[0];
-	s = wp->screen;
-
-	sy = screen_size_y(s);
-	if (screen_size_y(s) == c->sy && w->panes[1] == NULL)
-		sy--;
-	cx = s->cx;
-	cy = s->cy;
-	for (i = 0; i < sy; i++)
-		screen_redraw_line(c, s, wp->yoff, i);
-	s->cx = cx;
-	s->cy = cy;
-
-	/* Draw the bottom window. */
-	if (c->sy > 2 && w->panes[1] != NULL) {
-		wp = w->panes[1];
+	/* Draw the panes. */
+	TAILQ_FOREACH(wp, &w->panes, entry) {
 		s = wp->screen;
 
 		sy = screen_size_y(s);
-		if (wp->yoff + screen_size_y(s) == s->cy)
+		if (!status && TAILQ_NEXT(wp, entry) == NULL)
 			sy--;
+
 		cx = s->cx;
 		cy = s->cy;
-		for (i = 0; i < sy; i++)
-			screen_redraw_line(c, s, wp->yoff, i);
+		if (wp->yoff + sy <= w->sy) {
+			for (i = 0; i < sy; i++)
+				screen_redraw_line(c, s, wp->yoff, i);
+			if (TAILQ_NEXT(wp, entry) != NULL)
+				screen_redraw_blanky(c, wp->yoff + sy, 1, '-');
+		}
 		s->cx = cx;
 		s->cy = cy;
 	}
@@ -82,12 +68,7 @@ screen_redraw_screen(struct client *c, struct screen *s)
 	if (w->sx < c->sx)
 		screen_redraw_blankx(c, w->sx, c->sx - w->sx);
 	if (w->sy < c->sy - status)
-		screen_redraw_blanky(c, w->sy, c->sy - w->sy);
-
-	/* Draw separator line. */
-	s = w->panes[0]->screen;
-	if (c->sy > 1 && screen_size_y(s) != w->sy)
-		screen_redraw_blanky(c, screen_size_y(s), 1);
+		screen_redraw_blanky(c, w->sy, c->sy - w->sy, '=');
 
 	/* Draw the status line. */
 	screen_redraw_status(c);
@@ -120,7 +101,7 @@ screen_redraw_blankx(struct client *c, u_int ox, u_int nx)
 
 /* Draw blank lines. */
 void
-screen_redraw_blanky(struct client *c, u_int oy, u_int ny)
+screen_redraw_blanky(struct client *c, u_int oy, u_int ny, char ch)
 {
 	u_int	i, j;
 
@@ -129,7 +110,7 @@ screen_redraw_blanky(struct client *c, u_int oy, u_int ny)
 		tty_putcode2(&c->tty, TTYC_CUP, oy + j, 0);
 		for (i = 0; i < c->sx; i++) {
 			if (j == 0)
-				tty_putc(&c->tty, '-');
+				tty_putc(&c->tty, ch);
 			else
 				tty_putc(&c->tty, ' ');
 		}
diff --git a/server.c b/server.c
index e3d4919a..13e09b8f 100644
--- a/server.c
+++ b/server.c
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $Id: server.c,v 1.99 2009-01-13 06:50:10 nicm Exp $ */
+/* $Id: server.c,v 1.100 2009-01-14 19:29:32 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicm@users.sourceforge.net>
@@ -49,9 +49,9 @@ void		 server_fill_clients(struct pollfd **);
 void		 server_handle_clients(struct pollfd **);
 struct client	*server_accept_client(int);
 void		 server_handle_client(struct client *);
-void		 server_handle_window(struct window *, int);
+void		 server_handle_window(struct window *, struct window_pane *wp);
 void		 server_lost_client(struct client *);
-int	 	 server_lost_window(struct window *, int);
+void	 	 server_check_window(struct window *);
 void		 server_check_redraw(struct client *);
 void		 server_redraw_locked(struct client *);
 void		 server_check_timers(struct client *);
@@ -171,6 +171,7 @@ server_start(const char *path)
 int
 server_main(const char *srv_path, int srv_fd)
 {
+	struct window	*w;
 	struct pollfd	*pfds, *pfd;
 	int		 nfds, xtimeout;
 	u_int		 i, n;
@@ -184,7 +185,11 @@ server_main(const char *srv_path, int srv_fd)
 	while (!sigterm) {
 		/* Initialise pollfd array. */
 		nfds = 1;
-		nfds += ARRAY_LENGTH(&windows) * 2;
+		for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_LENGTH(&windows); i++) {
+			w = ARRAY_ITEM(&windows, i);
+			if (w != NULL)
+				nfds += window_count_panes(w);
+		}
 		nfds += ARRAY_LENGTH(&clients) * 2;
 		pfds = xrealloc(pfds, nfds, sizeof *pfds);
 		pfd = pfds;
@@ -282,17 +287,16 @@ server_fill_windows(struct pollfd **pfd)
 {
 	struct window		*w;
 	struct window_pane	*wp;
-	u_int		 	 i, j;
+	u_int		 	 i;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_LENGTH(&windows); i++) {
 		w = ARRAY_ITEM(&windows, i);
-		for (j = 0; j < 2; j++) {
-			if (w != NULL)
-				wp = w->panes[j];
-			if (w == NULL || wp == NULL || wp->fd == -1) {
-				(*pfd)->fd = -1;
-			} else {
-				(*pfd)->fd = wp->fd;
+		if (w == NULL)
+			continue;
+
+		TAILQ_FOREACH(wp, &w->panes, entry) {
+			(*pfd)->fd = wp->fd;
+			if (wp->fd != -1) {
 				(*pfd)->events = POLLIN;
 				if (BUFFER_USED(wp->out) > 0)
 					(*pfd)->events |= POLLOUT;
@@ -308,24 +312,25 @@ server_handle_windows(struct pollfd **pfd)
 {
 	struct window		*w;
 	struct window_pane	*wp;
-	u_int		 	 i, j;
+	u_int		 	 i;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_LENGTH(&windows); i++) {
 		w = ARRAY_ITEM(&windows, i);
-		for (j = 0; j < 2; j++) {
-			if (w != NULL)
-				wp = w->panes[j];
-			if (w != NULL && wp != NULL && wp->fd != -1) {
+		if (w == NULL)
+			continue;
+
+		TAILQ_FOREACH(wp, &w->panes, entry) {
+			if (wp->fd != -1) {
 				if (buffer_poll(*pfd, wp->in, wp->out) != 0) {
-					if (server_lost_window(w, j) != 0) {
-						(*pfd) += 1 - j;
-						break;
-					}
+					close(wp->fd);
+					wp->fd = -1;
 				} else
-					server_handle_window(w, j);
+					server_handle_window(w, wp);
 			}
 			(*pfd)++;
 		}
+
+		server_check_window(w);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -660,14 +665,14 @@ server_lost_client(struct client *c)
 
 /* Handle window data. */
 void
-server_handle_window(struct window *w, int pane)
+server_handle_window(struct window *w, struct window_pane *wp)
 {
 	struct session	*s;
 	struct client	*c;
 	u_int		 i;
 	int		 action, update;
 
-	window_pane_parse(w->panes[pane]);
+	window_pane_parse(wp);
 
 	if (!(w->flags & WINDOW_BELL) && !(w->flags & WINDOW_ACTIVITY))
 		return;
@@ -694,7 +699,7 @@ server_handle_window(struct window *w, int pane)
 				}
 				break;
 			case BELL_CURRENT:
-				if (w->active != w->panes[pane])
+				if (w->active != wp)
 					break;
 				for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_LENGTH(&clients); i++) {
 					c = ARRAY_ITEM(&clients, i);
@@ -719,29 +724,35 @@ server_handle_window(struct window *w, int pane)
 	w->flags &= ~(WINDOW_BELL|WINDOW_ACTIVITY);
 }
 
-/* Lost window: move clients on to next window. */
-int
-server_lost_window(struct window *w, int pane)
+/* Check if window still exists.. */
+void
+server_check_window(struct window *w)
 {
+	struct window_pane	*wp, *wq;
 	struct client		*c;
 	struct session		*s;
 	struct winlink		*wl;
-	struct window_pane	*wp;
 	u_int		 	 i, j;
-	int		 	 destroyed;
+	int		 	 destroyed, flag;
 
-	wp = w->panes[pane];
-	log_debug("lost window %d (%s pane %d)", wp->fd, w->name, pane);
+	flag = options_get_number(&w->options, "remain-on-exit");
 
-	if (window_remove_pane(w, wp) == 0) {
-		server_redraw_window(w);
-		return (0);
-	}
+	destroyed = 1;
 
-	if (options_get_number(&w->options, "remain-on-exit")) {
-		wp->fd = -1;
-		return (0);
-	}
+	wp = TAILQ_FIRST(&w->panes);
+	while (wp != NULL) {
+		wq = TAILQ_NEXT(wp, entry);
+		if (wp->fd != -1)
+			destroyed = 0;
+		else if (!flag) {
+			window_remove_pane(w, wp);
+			server_redraw_window(w);
+		}
+		wp = wq;
+	} 
+
+	if (!destroyed)
+		return;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_LENGTH(&sessions); i++) {
 		s = ARRAY_ITEM(&sessions, i);
@@ -775,7 +786,6 @@ server_lost_window(struct window *w, int pane)
 	}
 
 	recalculate_sizes();
-	return (1);
 }
 
 /* Call any once-per-second timers. */
@@ -784,7 +794,7 @@ server_second_timers(void)
 {
 	struct window		*w;
 	struct window_pane	*wp;
-	u_int		 	 i, j;
+	u_int		 	 i;
 	int			 xtimeout;
 	struct tm	 	 now, then;
 	static time_t	 	 last_t = 0;
@@ -799,10 +809,8 @@ server_second_timers(void)
 		w = ARRAY_ITEM(&windows, i);
 		if (w == NULL)
 			continue;
-		for (j = 0; j < 2; j++) {
-			wp = w->panes[j];
-			if (wp == NULL)
-				continue;
+
+		TAILQ_FOREACH(wp, &w->panes, entry) {
 			if (wp->mode != NULL && wp->mode->timer != NULL)
 				wp->mode->timer(wp);
 		}
diff --git a/status.c b/status.c
index 147b9b05..59ccdc62 100644
--- a/status.c
+++ b/status.c
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $Id: status.c,v 1.61 2009-01-12 18:22:47 nicm Exp $ */
+/* $Id: status.c,v 1.62 2009-01-14 19:29:32 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicm@users.sourceforge.net>
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ status_redraw(struct client *c)
 	struct session		       *s = c->session;
 	struct winlink		       *wl;
 	struct window_pane	       *wp;
+	struct screen		       *sc;
 	char		 	       *left, *right, *text, *ptr;
 	size_t				llen, rlen, offset, xx, yy, sy;
 	size_t				size, start, width;
@@ -258,20 +259,22 @@ off:
 	 * status is off. Not sure this is the right place for this.
 	 */
 	screen_write_start(&ctx, NULL, &c->status);
-	wp = s->curw->window->panes[0];
- 	sy = wp->sy;
-	if (s->curw->window->panes[1] != NULL) {
-		wp = s->curw->window->panes[1];
-		sy += wp->sy + 1;
+
+	sy = 0;
+	TAILQ_FOREACH(wp, &s->curw->window->panes, entry) {
+		sy += wp->sy;
+		sc = wp->screen;
 	}
+	sy++;
+
 	screen_write_cursormove(&ctx, 0, 0);
 	if (sy < c->sy - 1) {
 		/* If the screen is too small, use blank. */
 		for (offset = 0; offset < c->sx; offset++)
 			screen_write_putc(&ctx, &gc, ' ');
 	} else {
-		screen_write_copy(&ctx, wp->screen, 0, wp->screen->grid->hsize +
-		    screen_size_y(wp->screen) - 1, c->sx, 1);
+		screen_write_copy(&ctx,
+		    sc, 0, sc->grid->hsize + screen_size_y(sc) - 1, c->sx, 1);
 	}
 
 out:
diff --git a/tmux.h b/tmux.h
index 12f07b96..dd72d55b 100644
--- a/tmux.h
+++ b/tmux.h
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $Id: tmux.h,v 1.229 2009-01-13 06:50:10 nicm Exp $ */
+/* $Id: tmux.h,v 1.230 2009-01-14 19:29:32 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicm@users.sourceforge.net>
@@ -124,6 +124,9 @@ extern const char    *__progname;
 /* Default environment. */
 #define CHILD_ENVIRON { NULL /* TMUX= */, "TERM=screen", NULL }
 
+/* Minimum pane size. */
+#define PANE_MINIMUM 4	/* includes separator line */
+
 /* Fatal errors. */
 #define fatal(msg) log_fatal("%s: %s", __func__, msg);
 #define fatalx(msg) log_fatalx("%s: %s", __func__, msg);
@@ -578,6 +581,9 @@ struct window_pane {
 	u_int		 sy;
 
 	u_int		 yoff;
+
+	int		 flags;
+#define PANE_HIDDEN 0x1
 	
 	char		*cmd;
 	char		*cwd;
@@ -593,14 +599,17 @@ struct window_pane {
 
 	const struct window_mode *mode;
 	void		*modedata;
+
+	TAILQ_ENTRY(window_pane) entry;
 };
+TAILQ_HEAD(window_panes, window_pane);
 
 /* Window structure. */
 struct window {
 	char		*name;
 
-	struct window_pane *active;
-	struct window_pane *panes[2];
+	struct window_pane *active;	
+	struct window_panes panes;
 
 	u_int		 sx;
 	u_int		 sy;
@@ -1378,13 +1387,21 @@ struct winlink	*winlink_next(struct winlinks *, struct winlink *);
 struct winlink	*winlink_previous(struct winlinks *, struct winlink *);
 void		 winlink_stack_push(struct winlink_stack *, struct winlink *);
 void		 winlink_stack_remove(struct winlink_stack *, struct winlink *);
+int	 	 window_index(struct window *, u_int *);
 struct window	*window_create(const char *, const char *,
 		     const char *, const char **, u_int, u_int, u_int);
 void		 window_destroy(struct window *);
 int		 window_resize(struct window *, u_int, u_int);
-int		 window_add_pane(struct window *,
-		     u_int, const char *, const char *, const char **, u_int);
-int		 window_remove_pane(struct window *, struct window_pane *);
+void		 window_set_active_pane(struct window *, struct window_pane *);
+struct window_pane *window_add_pane(struct window *,
+    		     const char *, const char *, const char **, u_int);
+void		 window_remove_pane(struct window *, struct window_pane *);
+u_int		 window_index_of_pane(struct window *, struct window_pane *);
+struct window_pane *window_pane_at_index(struct window *, u_int);
+void  		 window_fit_panes(struct window *);
+void		 window_update_panes(struct window *);
+u_int		 window_count_panes(struct window *);
+void		 window_destroy_panes(struct window *);
 struct window_pane *window_pane_create(struct window *, u_int, u_int, u_int);
 void		 window_pane_destroy(struct window_pane *);
 int		 window_pane_spawn(struct window_pane *,
diff --git a/tty-write.c b/tty-write.c
index 093c5430..a776ca57 100644
--- a/tty-write.c
+++ b/tty-write.c
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $Id: tty-write.c,v 1.5 2009-01-12 18:22:47 nicm Exp $ */
+/* $Id: tty-write.c,v 1.6 2009-01-14 19:29:32 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicm@users.sourceforge.net>
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ tty_vwrite_window(void *ptr, enum tty_cmd cmd, va_list ap)
 	va_list		 	 aq;
 	u_int		 	 i;
 
-	if (wp->window->flags & WINDOW_HIDDEN)
+	if (wp->window->flags & WINDOW_HIDDEN || wp->flags & PANE_HIDDEN)
 		return;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_LENGTH(&clients); i++) {
diff --git a/window.c b/window.c
index 6d8564d4..64082b23 100644
--- a/window.c
+++ b/window.c
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $Id: window.c,v 1.57 2009-01-13 06:50:10 nicm Exp $ */
+/* $Id: window.c,v 1.58 2009-01-14 19:29:32 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicm@users.sourceforge.net>
@@ -204,17 +204,29 @@ winlink_stack_remove(struct winlink_stack *stack, struct winlink *wl)
 	}
 }
 
+int
+window_index(struct window *s, u_int *i)
+{
+	for (*i = 0; *i < ARRAY_LENGTH(&windows); (*i)++) {
+		if (s == ARRAY_ITEM(&windows, *i))
+			return (0);
+	}
+	return (-1);
+}
+
 struct window *
 window_create(const char *name, const char *cmd,
     const char *cwd, const char **envp, u_int sx, u_int sy, u_int hlimit)
 {
 	struct window	*w;
+	u_int		 i;
 	char		*ptr, *copy;
 
 	w = xmalloc(sizeof *w);
 	w->flags = 0;
-	w->panes[0] = NULL;
-	w->panes[1] = NULL;
+
+	TAILQ_INIT(&w->panes);
+	w->active = NULL;
 
 	w->sx = sx;
 	w->sy = sy;
@@ -244,14 +256,21 @@ window_create(const char *name, const char *cmd,
 	} else
 		w->name = xstrdup(name);
 
-	ARRAY_ADD(&windows, w);
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_LENGTH(&windows); i++) {
+		if (ARRAY_ITEM(&windows, i) == NULL) {
+			ARRAY_SET(&windows, i, w);
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	if (i == ARRAY_LENGTH(&windows))
+		ARRAY_ADD(&windows, w);
 	w->references = 0;
 
-	if (window_add_pane(w, w->sy, cmd, cwd, envp, hlimit) < 0) {
+	if (window_add_pane(w, cmd, cwd, envp, hlimit) == NULL) {
 		window_destroy(w);
 		return (NULL);
 	}
-	w->active = w->panes[0];
+	w->active = TAILQ_FIRST(&w->panes);
 	return (w);
 }
 
@@ -260,17 +279,15 @@ window_destroy(struct window *w)
 {
 	u_int	i;
 
-	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_LENGTH(&windows); i++) {
-		if (ARRAY_ITEM(&windows, i) == w)
-			break;
-	}
-	ARRAY_REMOVE(&windows, i);
+	if (window_index(w, &i) != 0)
+		fatalx("index not found");
+	ARRAY_SET(&windows, i, NULL);
+	while (!ARRAY_EMPTY(&windows) && ARRAY_LAST(&windows) == NULL)
+		ARRAY_TRUNC(&windows, 1);
 
 	options_free(&w->options);
 
-	window_pane_destroy(w->panes[0]);
-	if (w->panes[1] != NULL)
-		window_pane_destroy(w->panes[1]);
+	window_destroy_panes(w);
 	
 	xfree(w->name);
 	xfree(w);
@@ -279,111 +296,213 @@ window_destroy(struct window *w)
 int
 window_resize(struct window *w, u_int sx, u_int sy)
 {
-	int	change;
-	u_int	y0, y1;
+	w->sx = sx;
+	w->sy = sy;
 
-	if (w->panes[1] == NULL)
-		window_pane_resize(w->panes[0], sx, sy);
-	else {
-		if (sy <= 3) {
-			y0 = 1;
-			y1 = 1;
+	window_fit_panes(w);
+	return (0);
+}
+
+void
+window_fit_panes(struct window *w)
+{
+	struct window_pane	*wp;
+	u_int			 npanes, canfit, total;
+	int			 left;
+	
+	if (TAILQ_EMPTY(&w->panes))
+		return;
+
+	/* Clear hidden flags. */
+	TAILQ_FOREACH(wp, &w->panes, entry)
+	    	wp->flags &= ~PANE_HIDDEN;
+
+	/* Check the new size. */
+	npanes = window_count_panes(w);
+	if (w->sy <= PANE_MINIMUM * npanes) {
+		/* How many can we fit? */
+		canfit = w->sy / PANE_MINIMUM;
+		if (canfit == 0) {
+			/* None. Just use this size for the first. */
+			TAILQ_FOREACH(wp, &w->panes, entry) {
+				if (wp == TAILQ_FIRST(&w->panes))
+					wp->sy = w->sy;
+				else
+					wp->flags |= PANE_HIDDEN;
+			}
 		} else {
-			y0 = w->panes[0]->sy;
-			y1 = w->panes[1]->sy;
-			
-			change = sy - w->sy;
-			if (change > 0) {
-				while (change > 0) {
-					if (y1 < y0)
-						y1++;
-					else
-						y0++;
-					change--;
+			/* >=1, set minimum for them all. */
+			TAILQ_FOREACH(wp, &w->panes, entry) {
+				if (canfit-- > 0)
+					wp->sy = PANE_MINIMUM - 1;
+				else
+					wp->flags |= PANE_HIDDEN;
+			}
+			/* And increase the first by the rest. */
+			TAILQ_FIRST(&w->panes)->sy += 1 + w->sy % PANE_MINIMUM;
+		}
+	} else {
+		/* In theory they will all fit. Find the current total. */
+		total = 0;
+		TAILQ_FOREACH(wp, &w->panes, entry)
+			total += wp->sy;
+		total += npanes - 1;
+
+		/* Growing or shrinking? */
+		left = w->sy - total;
+		if (left > 0) {
+			/* Growing. Expand evenly. */
+			while (left > 0) {
+				TAILQ_FOREACH(wp, &w->panes, entry) {
+					wp->sy++;
+					if (--left == 0)
+						break;
 				}
-			} else if (change < 0) {
-				while (change < 0) {
-					if (y1 > y0)
-						y1--;
-					else
-						y0--;
-					change++;
+			}
+		} else {
+			/* Shrinking. Reduce evenly down to minimum. */
+			while (left < 0) {
+				TAILQ_FOREACH(wp, &w->panes, entry) {
+					if (wp->sy <= PANE_MINIMUM - 1)
+						continue;
+					wp->sy--;
+					if (++left == 0)
+						break;
 				}
 			}
 		}
-		window_pane_resize(w->panes[0], sx, y0);
-		window_pane_resize(w->panes[1], sx, y1);
-		w->panes[1]->yoff = y0 + 1;
+	}
+			
+	/* Now do the resize. */
+	TAILQ_FOREACH(wp, &w->panes, entry) {
+		wp->sy--;
+	    	window_pane_resize(wp, w->sx, wp->sy + 1);
 	}
 
-	w->sx = sx;
-	w->sy = sy;
-	return (0);
+	/* Fill in the offsets. */
+	window_update_panes(w);
+
+	/* Switch the active window if necessary. */
+	window_set_active_pane(w, w->active);
 }
 
-int
-window_add_pane(struct window *w, u_int y1,
+void
+window_update_panes(struct window *w)
+{
+	struct window_pane     *wp;
+	u_int			yoff;
+
+	yoff = 0;
+	TAILQ_FOREACH(wp, &w->panes, entry) {
+		if (wp->flags & PANE_HIDDEN)
+			continue;
+		wp->yoff = yoff;
+		yoff += wp->sy + 1;
+	}
+}
+
+void
+window_set_active_pane(struct window *w, struct window_pane *wp)
+{
+	w->active = wp;
+	while (w->active->flags & PANE_HIDDEN)
+		w->active = TAILQ_PREV(w->active, window_panes, entry);
+}
+
+struct window_pane *
+window_add_pane(struct window *w, 
     const char *cmd, const char *cwd, const char **envp, u_int hlimit)
 {
 	struct window_pane	*wp;
-	u_int			 y0;
+	u_int			 wanty;
 
-	if (w->panes[1] != NULL)
-		return (-1);
-
-	if (w->panes[0] == NULL) {
-		/* No existing panes. */
-		wp = w->panes[0] = window_pane_create(w, w->sx, w->sy, hlimit);
-		wp->yoff = 0;
-	} else {
-		/* One existing pane. */
-		if (y1 > w->sy)
-			y1 = w->sy;
-		y0 = w->sy - y1;
-		if (y0 == 0) {
-			y0 = 1;
-			y1--;
-		}
-		if (y0 > 1)
-			y0--;
-		else if (y1 > 1)
-			y1--;
-		window_pane_resize(w->panes[0], w->sx, y0);
-
-		wp = w->panes[1] = window_pane_create(w, w->sx, y1, hlimit);
-		wp->yoff = y0 + 1;
+	if (TAILQ_EMPTY(&w->panes))
+		wanty = w->sy;
+	else {
+		if (w->active->sy < PANE_MINIMUM * 2)
+			return (NULL);
+		wanty = (w->active->sy / 2 + w->active->sy % 2) - 1;
+		window_pane_resize(w->active, w->sx, w->active->sy / 2);
 	}
 
+	wp = window_pane_create(w, w->sx, wanty, hlimit);
+	if (TAILQ_EMPTY(&w->panes))
+		TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&w->panes, wp, entry);
+	else
+		TAILQ_INSERT_AFTER(&w->panes, w->active, wp, entry);
+	window_update_panes(w);
 	if (window_pane_spawn(wp, cmd, cwd, envp) != 0) {
 		window_remove_pane(w, wp);
-		return (-1);
+		return (NULL);
 	}
-	return (0);
+	return (wp);
 }
 
-int
+void
 window_remove_pane(struct window *w, struct window_pane *wp)
 {
-	int	pane;
+	w->active = TAILQ_PREV(wp, window_panes, entry);
+	if (w->active == NULL)
+		w->active = TAILQ_NEXT(wp, entry);
 
-	pane = 0;
-	if (wp == w->panes[1])
-		pane = 1;
+	TAILQ_REMOVE(&w->panes, wp, entry);
+	window_pane_destroy(wp);
 
-	if (w->panes[1] != NULL) {
-		window_pane_destroy(w->panes[pane]);
-		w->panes[pane] = NULL;
-		if (pane == 0) {
-			w->panes[0] = w->panes[1];
-			w->panes[1] = NULL;
-		}
-		w->active = w->panes[0];
+	window_fit_panes(w);
+}
 
-		window_pane_resize(w->active, w->sx, w->sy);
-		w->active->yoff = 0;
-		return (0);
+u_int
+window_index_of_pane(struct window *w, struct window_pane *find)
+{
+	struct window_pane	*wp;
+	u_int			 n;
+
+	n = 0;
+	TAILQ_FOREACH(wp, &w->panes, entry) {
+		if (wp == find)
+			return (n);
+		n++;
+	}
+	fatalx("unknown pane");
+}
+
+struct window_pane *
+window_pane_at_index(struct window *w, u_int idx)
+{
+	struct window_pane	*wp;
+	u_int			 n;
+
+	n = 0;
+	TAILQ_FOREACH(wp, &w->panes, entry) {
+		if (n == idx)
+			return (wp);
+		n++;
+	}
+	return (NULL);
+}
+
+u_int
+window_count_panes(struct window *w)
+{
+	struct window_pane	*wp;
+	u_int			 n;
+
+	n = 0;
+	TAILQ_FOREACH(wp, &w->panes, entry)
+		n++;
+	return (n);
+}
+
+void
+window_destroy_panes(struct window *w)
+{
+	struct window_pane	*wp;
+
+	while (!TAILQ_EMPTY(&w->panes)) {
+		wp = TAILQ_FIRST(&w->panes);
+		TAILQ_REMOVE(&w->panes, wp, entry);
+		window_pane_destroy(wp);
 	}
-	return (1);
 }
 
 struct window_pane *
@@ -391,7 +510,7 @@ window_pane_create(struct window *w, u_int sx, u_int sy, u_int hlimit)
 {
 	struct window_pane	*wp;
 
-	wp = xmalloc(sizeof *wp);
+	wp = xcalloc(1, sizeof *wp);
 	wp->window = w;
 
 	wp->cmd = NULL;
diff --git a/xmalloc.c b/xmalloc.c
index 50b22fef..68861c2c 100644
--- a/xmalloc.c
+++ b/xmalloc.c
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $Id: xmalloc.c,v 1.6 2008-08-07 20:20:52 nicm Exp $ */
+/* $Id: xmalloc.c,v 1.7 2009-01-14 19:29:32 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2004 Nicholas Marriott <nicm@users.sourceforge.net>
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ xcalloc(size_t nmemb, size_t size)
         void	*ptr;
 
         if (size == 0 || nmemb == 0)
-                fatalx("zero size");
+	{ abort();fatalx("zero size");}
         if (SIZE_MAX / nmemb < size)
                 fatalx("nmemb * size > SIZE_MAX");
         if ((ptr = calloc(nmemb, size)) == NULL)