From 34a6a9d3a10de75c65ece5cfef05a34100cea4ae Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: nicm <nicm>
Date: Sat, 13 Jun 2026 08:59:52 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 01/21] Change relative time for now to only work in the past
 and not show a sign which is more useful. Also tidy up some minor style nits.

---
 cmd-split-window.c |  7 ++++---
 format.c           | 29 +++++++++++++----------------
 tmux.1             |  4 ++--
 window-clock.c     |  2 +-
 window-copy.c      |  8 ++------
 5 files changed, 22 insertions(+), 28 deletions(-)

diff --git a/cmd-split-window.c b/cmd-split-window.c
index 4c6a12da..940a4fc1 100644
--- a/cmd-split-window.c
+++ b/cmd-split-window.c
@@ -190,10 +190,11 @@ cmd_split_window_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	}
 	if (args_has(args, 'k') || args_has(args, 'm')) {
 		options_set_number(new_wp->options, "remain-on-exit", 3);
-		if (args_has(args, 'm'))
+		if (args_has(args, 'm')) {
 			options_set_string(new_wp->options,
-				"remain-on-exit-format",
-				0, "%s", args_get(args, 'm'));
+			    "remain-on-exit-format", 0, "%s",
+			    args_get(args, 'm'));
+		}
 	}
 	if (args_has(args, 'T')) {
 		title = format_single_from_target(item, args_get(args, 'T'));
diff --git a/format.c b/format.c
index 15afbe0b..8ebe9ecf 100644
--- a/format.c
+++ b/format.c
@@ -4052,18 +4052,14 @@ format_relative_time(time_t t)
 {
 	time_t	now, age;
 	u_int	d, h, m, s;
-	char	out[32], sign;
+	char	out[32];
 
 	time(&now);
+	if (t > now)
+		return (NULL);
 	if (t == now)
 		return (xstrdup("0s"));
-	if (t > now) {
-		sign = '+';
-		age = t - now;
-	} else {
-		sign = '-';
-		age = now - t;
-	}
+	age = now - t;
 
 	d = age / 86400;
 	h = (age % 86400) / 3600;
@@ -4072,21 +4068,21 @@ format_relative_time(time_t t)
 
 	if (d != 0) {
 		if (h != 0)
-			xsnprintf(out, sizeof out, "%c%ud%uh", sign, d, h);
+			xsnprintf(out, sizeof out, "%ud%uh", d, h);
 		else
-			xsnprintf(out, sizeof out, "%c%ud", sign, d);
+			xsnprintf(out, sizeof out, "%ud", d);
 	} else if (h != 0) {
 		if (m != 0)
-			xsnprintf(out, sizeof out, "%c%uh%um", sign, h, m);
+			xsnprintf(out, sizeof out, "%uh%um", h, m);
 		else
-			xsnprintf(out, sizeof out, "%c%uh", sign, h);
+			xsnprintf(out, sizeof out, "%uh", h);
 	} else if (m != 0) {
 		if (s != 0)
-			xsnprintf(out, sizeof out, "%c%um%us", sign, m, s);
+			xsnprintf(out, sizeof out, "%um%us", m, s);
 		else
-			xsnprintf(out, sizeof out, "%c%um", sign, m);
+			xsnprintf(out, sizeof out, "%um", m);
 	} else
-		xsnprintf(out, sizeof out, "%c%us", sign, s);
+		xsnprintf(out, sizeof out, "%us", s);
 	return (xstrdup(out));
 }
 
@@ -5183,7 +5179,8 @@ format_replace(struct format_expand_state *es, const char *key, size_t keylen,
 				else if (fm->argc >= 2 &&
 				    strchr(fm->argv[0], 'f') != NULL) {
 					free(time_format);
-					time_format = format_strip(es, fm->argv[1]);
+					time_format = format_strip(es,
+					    fm->argv[1]);
 				}
 				break;
 			case 'q':
diff --git a/tmux.1 b/tmux.1
index 95365725..fd3863cc 100644
--- a/tmux.1
+++ b/tmux.1
@@ -6410,9 +6410,9 @@ will use shorter but less accurate time format for times in the past.
 .Ql r
 .Pq Ql t/r
 will show the time relative to the current time, for example
-.Ql \-1m
+.Ql \1m
 or
-.Ql +2m23s .
+.Ql 2m23s .
 A custom format may be given using an
 .Ql f
 suffix (note that
diff --git a/window-clock.c b/window-clock.c
index f3dfb206..6a89df4b 100644
--- a/window-clock.c
+++ b/window-clock.c
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ window_clock_init(struct window_mode_entry *wme,
 	struct window_clock_mode_data	*data;
 	struct screen			*s;
 
-	wme->data = data = xmalloc(sizeof *data);
+	wme->data = data = xcalloc(1, sizeof *data);
 	data->tim = time(NULL);
 
 	evtimer_set(&data->timer, window_clock_timer_callback, wme);
diff --git a/window-copy.c b/window-copy.c
index 558bd76c..b33aa97d 100644
--- a/window-copy.c
+++ b/window-copy.c
@@ -5102,14 +5102,10 @@ window_copy_set_line_numbers(struct window_pane *wp, int enabled)
 	struct window_mode_entry	*wme = TAILQ_FIRST(&wp->modes);
 	struct window_copy_mode_data	*data;
 
-	if (wme == NULL)
-		return;
-	if (wme->mode != &window_copy_mode)
+	if (wme == NULL || wme->mode != &window_copy_mode)
 		return;
 	data = wme->data;
-	if (data == NULL)
-		return;
-	if (data->line_numbers == enabled)
+	if (data == NULL || data->line_numbers == enabled)
 		return;
 	data->line_numbers = enabled;
 	window_copy_redraw_screen(wme);

From b44cdf1006d76af0278179e18a7fc0638bb782f5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: nicm <nicm>
Date: Sat, 13 Jun 2026 09:17:29 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 02/21] Add an I format modifier to get some bits of
 information about a client (terminal features, capabilities and environment).

---
 format.c       | 50 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
 tmux.1         | 18 ++++++++++++++++++
 tmux.h         |  2 ++
 tty-features.c | 39 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 tty-term.c     | 12 ++++++++++++
 5 files changed, 119 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/format.c b/format.c
index 8ebe9ecf..5a0a638e 100644
--- a/format.c
+++ b/format.c
@@ -118,6 +118,9 @@ format_job_cmp(struct format_job *fj1, struct format_job *fj2)
 #define FORMAT_REPEAT 0x200000
 #define FORMAT_QUOTE_ARGUMENTS 0x400000
 #define FORMAT_RELATIVE 0x800000
+#define FORMAT_CLIENT_TERMCAP 0x1000000
+#define FORMAT_CLIENT_TERMFEAT 0x2000000
+#define FORMAT_CLIENT_ENVIRON 0x4000000
 
 /* Limit on recursion. */
 #define FORMAT_LOOP_LIMIT 100
@@ -4404,7 +4407,7 @@ format_build_modifiers(struct format_expand_state *es, const char **s,
 
 	/*
 	 * Modifiers are a ; separated list of the forms:
-	 *	l,m,C,a,b,c,d,n,t,w,q,E,T,S,W,P,R,<,>
+	 *	l,m,C,a,b,c,d,I,n,t,w,q,E,T,S,W,P,R,<,>
 	 *	=a
 	 *	=/a
 	 *	=/a/
@@ -4445,7 +4448,7 @@ format_build_modifiers(struct format_expand_state *es, const char **s,
 		}
 
 		/* Now try single character with arguments. */
-		if (strchr("mCLNPSst=pReqW", cp[0]) == NULL)
+		if (strchr("ImCLNPSst=pReqW", cp[0]) == NULL)
 			break;
 		c = cp[0];
 
@@ -5086,6 +5089,7 @@ format_replace(struct format_expand_state *es, const char *key, size_t keylen,
 	struct format_modifier		 *bool_op_n = NULL;
 	u_int				  i, count, nsub = 0, nrep;
 	struct format_expand_state	  next;
+	struct environ_entry		 *envent;
 
 	/* Set sorting defaults. */
 	sc->order = SORT_ORDER;
@@ -5168,6 +5172,16 @@ format_replace(struct format_expand_state *es, const char *key, size_t keylen,
 			case 'n':
 				modifiers |= FORMAT_LENGTH;
 				break;
+			case 'I':
+				if (fm->argc < 1)
+					break;
+				if (strchr(fm->argv[0], 'f') != NULL)
+					modifiers |= FORMAT_CLIENT_TERMFEAT;
+				if (strchr(fm->argv[0], 'c') != NULL)
+					modifiers |= FORMAT_CLIENT_TERMCAP;
+				if (strchr(fm->argv[0], 'e') != NULL)
+					modifiers |= FORMAT_CLIENT_ENVIRON;
+				break;
 			case 't':
 				modifiers |= FORMAT_TIMESTRING;
 				if (fm->argc < 1)
@@ -5295,6 +5309,38 @@ format_replace(struct format_expand_state *es, const char *key, size_t keylen,
 		}
 	}
 
+	/* Look up client capability, feature or environment. */
+	if ((modifiers & FORMAT_CLIENT_TERMCAP) ||
+	    (modifiers & FORMAT_CLIENT_TERMFEAT) ||
+	    (modifiers & FORMAT_CLIENT_ENVIRON)) {
+		if (ft->c == NULL ||
+		    ft->c->tty.term == NULL ||
+		    ft->c->flags & CLIENT_UNATTACHEDFLAGS) {
+			value = xstrdup("");
+			goto done;
+		}
+		if (modifiers & FORMAT_CLIENT_TERMCAP) {
+			if (tty_term_has_name(ft->c->tty.term, copy))
+				value = xstrdup("1");
+			else
+				value = xstrdup("0");
+		}
+		if (modifiers & FORMAT_CLIENT_TERMFEAT) {
+			if (tty_feature_present(ft->c->tty.term, copy))
+				value = xstrdup("1");
+			else
+				value = xstrdup("0");
+		}
+		if (modifiers & FORMAT_CLIENT_ENVIRON) {
+			envent = environ_find(ft->c->environ, copy);
+			if (envent != NULL && envent->value != NULL)
+				value = xstrdup(envent->value);
+			else
+				value = xstrdup("");
+		}
+		goto done;
+	}
+
 	/* Is this a literal string? */
 	if (modifiers & FORMAT_LITERAL) {
 		format_log(es, "literal string is '%s'", copy);
diff --git a/tmux.1 b/tmux.1
index fd3863cc..67319f9c 100644
--- a/tmux.1
+++ b/tmux.1
@@ -6429,6 +6429,24 @@ see
 .Xr strftime 3 .
 .Pp
 The
+.Ql I:\&
+prefix will interrogate the client.
+.Ql I/f
+will be true if
+.Nm
+believes that the client supports the given terminal feature, for example
+.Ql I/f:RGB ,
+.Ql I/c
+will be true if a client has the given
+.Xr terminfo 3
+capability, for example
+.Ql I/c:smcup ,
+and
+.Ql I/e
+gives the value of a client environment variable, for example
+.Ql #{I/e:FOO} .
+.Pp
+The
 .Ql b:\&
 and
 .Ql d:\&
diff --git a/tmux.h b/tmux.h
index 48f7c59f..f381af4f 100644
--- a/tmux.h
+++ b/tmux.h
@@ -2729,6 +2729,7 @@ int		 tty_term_read_list(const char *, int, char ***, u_int *,
 		     char **);
 void		 tty_term_free_list(char **, u_int);
 int		 tty_term_has(struct tty_term *, enum tty_code_code);
+int		 tty_term_has_name(struct tty_term *, const char *);
 const char	*tty_term_string(struct tty_term *, enum tty_code_code);
 const char	*tty_term_string_i(struct tty_term *, enum tty_code_code, int);
 const char	*tty_term_string_ii(struct tty_term *, enum tty_code_code, int,
@@ -2746,6 +2747,7 @@ const char	*tty_term_describe(struct tty_term *, enum tty_code_code);
 /* tty-features.c */
 void		 tty_add_features(int *, const char *, const char *);
 const char	*tty_get_features(int);
+int		 tty_feature_present(struct tty_term *, const char *);
 int		 tty_apply_features(struct tty_term *, int);
 void		 tty_default_features(int *, const char *, u_int);
 
diff --git a/tty-features.c b/tty-features.c
index 95812e8e..4f0537b1 100644
--- a/tty-features.c
+++ b/tty-features.c
@@ -432,6 +432,45 @@ tty_get_features(int feat)
 	return (s);
 }
 
+int
+tty_feature_present(struct tty_term *term, const char *name)
+{
+	const struct tty_feature	*tf = NULL;
+	const char *const		*capability;
+	u_int				 i;
+	char				*copy;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nitems(tty_features); i++) {
+		tf = tty_features[i];
+		if (strcmp(tf->name, name) == 0) {
+			if (term->features & (1 << i))
+			    return (1);
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * We don't just have the feature flag set. Check if the capabilities
+	 * supported by the client are actual set instead.
+	 */
+	if (tf == NULL || strcmp(name, "ignorefkeys") == 0)
+		return (0);
+	if (tf->flags != 0 && (term->flags & tf->flags) != tf->flags)
+		return (0);
+	capability = tf->capabilities;
+	while (*capability != NULL) {
+		copy = xstrdup(*capability);
+		copy[strcspn(copy, "=")] = '\0';
+		if (!tty_term_has_name(term, copy)) {
+			free(copy);
+			return (0);
+		}
+		free(copy);
+		capability++;
+	}
+	return (1);
+}
+
 int
 tty_apply_features(struct tty_term *term, int feat)
 {
diff --git a/tty-term.c b/tty-term.c
index aa9cd5ef..bea34fc4 100644
--- a/tty-term.c
+++ b/tty-term.c
@@ -765,6 +765,18 @@ tty_term_has(struct tty_term *term, enum tty_code_code code)
 	return (term->codes[code].type != TTYCODE_NONE);
 }
 
+int
+tty_term_has_name(struct tty_term *term, const char *name)
+{
+	u_int	i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < tty_term_ncodes(); i++) {
+		if (strcmp(tty_term_codes[i].name, name) == 0)
+			return (tty_term_has(term, i));
+	}
+	return (0);
+}
+
 const char *
 tty_term_string(struct tty_term *term, enum tty_code_code code)
 {

From bf187170b16664743da48fae07d4956d86499153 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: nicm <nicm>
Date: Sat, 13 Jun 2026 10:32:54 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 03/21] Extend client mode so the preview can be changed to a
 view with a summary of the client terminal and its features, intended to make
 troubleshooting easier. "choose-client -i" or the "i" key in the mode.

---
 cmd-choose-tree.c |   4 +-
 mode-tree.c       |  14 ++++-
 tmux.1            |   5 +-
 tmux.h            |   3 +-
 window-client.c   | 134 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 5 files changed, 154 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/cmd-choose-tree.c b/cmd-choose-tree.c
index 6bb17fc2..87c29419 100644
--- a/cmd-choose-tree.c
+++ b/cmd-choose-tree.c
@@ -47,8 +47,8 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_choose_client_entry = {
 	.name = "choose-client",
 	.alias = NULL,
 
-	.args = { "F:f:hK:kNO:rt:yZ", 0, 1, cmd_choose_tree_args_parse },
-	.usage = "[-hkNrZ] [-F format] [-f filter] [-K key-format] "
+	.args = { "F:f:hiK:kNO:rt:yZ", 0, 1, cmd_choose_tree_args_parse },
+	.usage = "[-hikNrZ] [-F format] [-f filter] [-K key-format] "
 		 "[-O sort-order] " CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE " [template]",
 
 	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_PANE, 0 },
diff --git a/mode-tree.c b/mode-tree.c
index 82535497..cecf7df8 100644
--- a/mode-tree.c
+++ b/mode-tree.c
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ struct mode_tree_data {
 	const struct menu_item	 *menu;
 
 	struct sort_criteria	  sort_crit;
+	const char		 *view_name;
 
 	mode_tree_build_cb        buildcb;
 	mode_tree_draw_cb         drawcb;
@@ -700,6 +701,12 @@ mode_tree_add(struct mode_tree_data *mtd, struct mode_tree_item *parent,
 	return (mti);
 }
 
+void
+mode_tree_view_name(struct mode_tree_data *mtd, const char *name)
+{
+	mtd->view_name = name;
+}
+
 void
 mode_tree_draw_as_parent(struct mode_tree_item *mti)
 {
@@ -884,9 +891,12 @@ mode_tree_draw(struct mode_tree_data *mtd)
 	screen_write_box(&ctx, w, sy - h, BOX_LINES_DEFAULT, NULL, NULL);
 
 	if (mtd->sort_crit.order_seq != NULL) {
-		xasprintf(&text, " %s (sort: %s%s)", mti->name,
+		xasprintf(&text, " %s (sort: %s%s)%s%s%s", mti->name,
 		    sort_order_to_string(mtd->sort_crit.order),
-		    mtd->sort_crit.reversed ? ", reversed" : "");
+		    mtd->sort_crit.reversed ? ", reversed" : "",
+		    mtd->view_name == NULL ? "" : " (view: ",
+		    mtd->view_name == NULL ? "" : mtd->view_name,
+		    mtd->view_name == NULL ? "" : ")");
 	} else
 		xasprintf(&text, " %s", mti->name);
 	if (w - 2 >= strlen(text)) {
diff --git a/tmux.1 b/tmux.1
index 67319f9c..70beac52 100644
--- a/tmux.1
+++ b/tmux.1
@@ -2864,7 +2864,7 @@ The
 command works only if at least one client is attached.
 .It Xo
 .Ic choose\-tree
-.Op Fl GhkNrswyZ
+.Op Fl GhikNrswyZ
 .Op Fl F Ar format
 .Op Fl f Ar filter
 .Op Fl K Ar key\-format
@@ -2916,6 +2916,7 @@ The following keys may be used in tree mode:
 .It Li "O" Ta "Change sort order"
 .It Li "r" Ta "Reverse sort order"
 .It Li "v" Ta "Toggle preview"
+.It Li "i" Ta "Change view (preview and client information)"
 .It Li "F1 or C\-h" Ta "Display help"
 .It Li "q" Ta "Exit mode"
 .El
@@ -2955,6 +2956,8 @@ first.
 .Pp
 .Fl N
 starts without the preview or if given twice with the larger preview.
+.Fl i
+starts showing client information instead of the preview.
 .Fl h
 hides the pane containing the mode.
 .Fl k
diff --git a/tmux.h b/tmux.h
index f381af4f..ea65525b 100644
--- a/tmux.h
+++ b/tmux.h
@@ -3565,6 +3565,7 @@ void	 mode_tree_resize(struct mode_tree_data *, u_int, u_int);
 struct mode_tree_item *mode_tree_add(struct mode_tree_data *,
 	     struct mode_tree_item *, void *, uint64_t, const char *,
 	     const char *, int);
+void	 mode_tree_view_name(struct mode_tree_data *, const char *);
 void	 mode_tree_draw_as_parent(struct mode_tree_item *);
 void	 mode_tree_no_tag(struct mode_tree_item *);
 void	 mode_tree_align(struct mode_tree_item *, int);
@@ -3606,7 +3607,7 @@ int		 window_copy_get_current_offset(struct window_pane *, u_int *,
 char		*window_copy_get_hyperlink(struct window_pane *, u_int, u_int);
 void		 window_copy_set_line_numbers(struct window_pane *, int);
 
-/* window-option.c */
+/* window-customize.c */
 extern const struct window_mode window_customize_mode;
 
 /* names.c */
diff --git a/window-client.c b/window-client.c
index 519222d9..e746e20f 100644
--- a/window-client.c
+++ b/window-client.c
@@ -47,6 +47,93 @@ static void		 window_client_key(struct window_mode_entry *,
 		"M-#{a:#{e|+:97,#{e|-:#{line},10}}}" \
 	"}"
 
+#define WINDOW_CLIENT_FEATURE(f) \
+	"#{?#{I/f:" #f "}," \
+	"#[fg=green],#[dim]}#{p/15:#{l:" #f "}}" \
+	"#[default]"
+static const char *window_client_info_lines[] = {
+	"Client Name   #[acs]x#[default] "
+	"#{client_name} "
+	"#[dim](PID #{client_pid})#[default]",
+	"Session       #[acs]x#[default] "
+	"#{session_name}",
+	"Attach Time   #[acs]x#[default] "
+	"#{t:client_created} "
+	"#[dim](#{t/r:client_created})#[default]",
+	"Activity Time #[acs]x#[default] "
+	"#{t:client_created} "
+	"#[dim](#{t/r:client_created})#[default]",
+	"Terminal Type #[acs]x#[default] "
+	"#{?client_termtype,#{client_termtype},Unknown}",
+	"TERM          #[acs]x#[default] "
+	"#{client_termname}",
+	"Size          #[acs]x#[default] "
+	"#{client_width}x#{client_height} "
+	"#[dim](cell #{client_cell_width}x#{client_cell_height})#[default]",
+	"Bytes Written #[acs]x#[default] "
+	"#{client_written} "
+	"#[dim](#{client_discarded} discarded)#[default]",
+
+	"Features      #[acs]x#[default] "
+	WINDOW_CLIENT_FEATURE(256) " "
+	WINDOW_CLIENT_FEATURE(RGB) " "
+	WINDOW_CLIENT_FEATURE(bpaste) " "
+	WINDOW_CLIENT_FEATURE(ccolour),
+	"              #[acs]x#[default] "
+	WINDOW_CLIENT_FEATURE(clipboard) " "
+	WINDOW_CLIENT_FEATURE(cstyle) " "
+	WINDOW_CLIENT_FEATURE(extkeys) " "
+	WINDOW_CLIENT_FEATURE(focus),
+	"              #[acs]x#[default] "
+	WINDOW_CLIENT_FEATURE(hyperlinks) " "
+	WINDOW_CLIENT_FEATURE(ignorefkeys) " "
+	WINDOW_CLIENT_FEATURE(margins) " "
+	WINDOW_CLIENT_FEATURE(mouse),
+	"              #[acs]x#[default] "
+	WINDOW_CLIENT_FEATURE(osc7) " "
+	WINDOW_CLIENT_FEATURE(overline) " "
+	WINDOW_CLIENT_FEATURE(progressbar) " "
+	WINDOW_CLIENT_FEATURE(rectfill),
+	"              #[acs]x#[default] "
+	WINDOW_CLIENT_FEATURE(sixel) " "
+	WINDOW_CLIENT_FEATURE(strikethrough) " "
+	WINDOW_CLIENT_FEATURE(sync) " "
+	WINDOW_CLIENT_FEATURE(title),
+	"              #[acs]x#[default] "
+	WINDOW_CLIENT_FEATURE(usstyle),
+	"#[acs]qqqqqqqqqqqqqqn#{R:q,#{window_width}}#[default]",
+
+	"prefix        #[acs]x#[default] "
+	"#{prefix}",
+
+	"mouse         #[acs]x#[default] "
+	"#{?mouse,#{?#{I/c:kmous},,#[fg=red]}on,#[dim]off} "
+	"#{?#{I/c:kmous},,#[align=right]unavailable: [kmous] missing}",
+
+	"set-clipboard #[acs]x#[default] "
+	"#{?#{!=:#{set-clipboard},off},#{?#{I/f:clipboard},,#[fg=red]}#{set-clipboard},#[dim]off} "
+	"#{?#{I/f:clipboard},,#[align=right]unavailable: [Ms] missing}",
+
+	"get-clipboard #[acs]x#[default] "
+	"#{?#{!=:#{get-clipboard},off},#{?#{I/f:clipboard},,#[fg=red]}#{get-clipboard},#[dim]off} "
+	"#{?#{I/f:clipboard},,#[align=right]unavailable: [Ms] missing}",
+
+	"focus-events  #[acs]x#[default] "
+	"#{?focus-events,#{?#{I/f:focus},,#[fg=red]}on,#[dim]off} "
+	"#{?#{I/f:focus},,#[align=right]unavailable: [Enfcs] or [Dcfcs] missing}",
+
+	"extended-keys #[acs]x#[default] "
+	"#{?#{!=:#{extended-keys},off},#{?#{I/f:extkeys},,#[fg=red]}#{extended-keys},#[dim]off} "
+	"#{?#{I/f:extkeys},,#[align=right]unavailable: [Eneks] or [Dseks] missing}",
+
+	"set-titles    #[acs]x#[default] "
+	"#{?set-titles,on,#[dim]off}",
+
+	"escape-time   #[acs]x#[default] "
+	"#{escape-time} ms",
+};
+
+
 static const struct menu_item window_client_menu_items[] = {
 	{ "Detach", 'd', NULL },
 	{ "Detach Tagged", 'D', NULL },
@@ -82,7 +169,9 @@ struct window_client_modedata {
 	char				 *format;
 	char				 *key_format;
 	char				 *command;
+
 	int				  hide_preview_this_pane;
+	int				  preview_is_info;
 
 	struct window_client_itemdata	**item_list;
 	u_int				  item_size;
@@ -162,6 +251,32 @@ window_client_build(void *modedata, struct sort_criteria *sort_crit,
 	}
 }
 
+static void
+window_client_draw_info(__unused void *modedata, void *itemdata,
+    struct screen_write_ctx *ctx, u_int sx, u_int sy)
+{
+	struct window_client_itemdata	*item = itemdata;
+	struct client			*c = item->c;
+	struct screen			*s = ctx->s;
+	u_int				 cx = s->cx, cy = s->cy, i;
+	struct format_tree		*ft;
+	char				*expanded;
+
+	ft = format_create_defaults(NULL, c, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+
+	screen_write_cursormove(ctx, cx, cy, 0);
+	for (i = 0; i < nitems(window_client_info_lines); i++) {
+		if (i == sy)
+			break;
+		expanded = format_expand(ft, window_client_info_lines[i]);
+		screen_write_cursormove(ctx, cx, cy + i, 0);
+		format_draw(ctx, &grid_default_cell, sx, expanded, NULL, 0);
+		free(expanded);
+	}
+
+	format_free(ft);
+}
+
 static void
 window_client_draw(void *modedata, void *itemdata,
     struct screen_write_ctx *ctx, u_int sx, u_int sy)
@@ -175,6 +290,10 @@ window_client_draw(void *modedata, void *itemdata,
 
 	if (c->session == NULL || (c->flags & CLIENT_UNATTACHEDFLAGS))
 		return;
+	if (data->preview_is_info) {
+		window_client_draw_info(modedata, itemdata, ctx, sx, sy);
+		return;
+	}
 	wp = c->session->curw->window->active;
 	if (data->hide_preview_this_pane && wp == data->wp) {
 		if (!TAILQ_EMPTY(&c->session->curw->window->last_panes))
@@ -250,6 +369,7 @@ window_client_sort(struct sort_criteria *sort_crit)
 }
 
 static const char* window_client_help_lines[] = {
+	"\r\033[1m          i \033[0m\016x\017 \033[0mToggle info view\n",
 	"\r\033[1m      Enter \033[0m\016x\017 \033[0mChoose selected %1\n",
 	"\r\033[1m          d \033[0m\016x\017 \033[0mDetach selected %1\n",
 	"\r\033[1m          D \033[0m\016x\017 \033[0mDetach tagged %1s\n",
@@ -280,6 +400,7 @@ window_client_init(struct window_mode_entry *wme,
 	wme->data = data = xcalloc(1, sizeof *data);
 	data->wp = wp;
 	data->hide_preview_this_pane = args != NULL && args_has(args, 'h');
+	data->preview_is_info = args != NULL && args_has(args, 'i');
 
 	if (args == NULL || !args_has(args, 'F'))
 		data->format = xstrdup(WINDOW_CLIENT_DEFAULT_FORMAT);
@@ -300,6 +421,11 @@ window_client_init(struct window_mode_entry *wme,
 	    window_client_help, data, window_client_menu_items, &s);
 	mode_tree_zoom(data->data, args);
 
+	if (data->preview_is_info)
+		mode_tree_view_name(data->data, "info");
+	else
+		mode_tree_view_name(data->data, "preview");
+
 	mode_tree_build(data->data);
 	mode_tree_draw(data->data);
 
@@ -389,6 +515,14 @@ window_client_key(struct window_mode_entry *wme, struct client *c,
 		mode_tree_each_tagged(mtd, window_client_do_detach, c, key, 0);
 		mode_tree_build(mtd);
 		break;
+	case 'i':
+		data->preview_is_info = !data->preview_is_info;
+		if (data->preview_is_info)
+			mode_tree_view_name(mtd, "info");
+		else
+			mode_tree_view_name(mtd, "preview");
+		mode_tree_build(mtd);
+		break;
 	case '\r':
 		item = mode_tree_get_current(mtd);
 		mode_tree_run_command(c, NULL, data->command, item->c->ttyname);

From bc9252f6e340e7bc7013451286c30d0854dbd43d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: nicm <nicm>
Date: Sat, 13 Jun 2026 11:37:46 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 04/21] Remove some stray code from an old floating panes
 implementation, from Dane Jensen.

---
 cmd-swap-pane.c | 4 ----
 1 file changed, 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/cmd-swap-pane.c b/cmd-swap-pane.c
index 48785c92..391ab7af 100644
--- a/cmd-swap-pane.c
+++ b/cmd-swap-pane.c
@@ -114,10 +114,6 @@ cmd_swap_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	dst_wp->layout_cell = src_lc;
 	dst_lc->wp = src_wp;
 	src_wp->layout_cell = dst_lc;
-	if (window_pane_is_floating(src_wp) != window_pane_is_floating(dst_wp)) {
-		src_wp->layout_cell->flags ^= LAYOUT_CELL_FLOATING;
-		dst_wp->layout_cell->flags ^= LAYOUT_CELL_FLOATING;
-	}
 
 	src_wp->window = dst_w;
 	options_set_parent(src_wp->options, dst_w->options);

From 7afee45635ef0a3361998060d033bf7499b0a410 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: nicm <nicm>
Date: Sat, 13 Jun 2026 13:06:12 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 05/21] Use correct name for activity time.

---
 window-client.c | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/window-client.c b/window-client.c
index e746e20f..d0f95d55 100644
--- a/window-client.c
+++ b/window-client.c
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ static const char *window_client_info_lines[] = {
 	"#{t:client_created} "
 	"#[dim](#{t/r:client_created})#[default]",
 	"Activity Time #[acs]x#[default] "
-	"#{t:client_created} "
+	"#{t:client_activity} "
 	"#[dim](#{t/r:client_created})#[default]",
 	"Terminal Type #[acs]x#[default] "
 	"#{?client_termtype,#{client_termtype},Unknown}",

From ec481ac82a2295856d36744654ec2ac4bbc9e45e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: nicm <nicm>
Date: Sat, 13 Jun 2026 13:07:12 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 06/21] Missed this one as well.

---
 window-client.c | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/window-client.c b/window-client.c
index d0f95d55..57c9d619 100644
--- a/window-client.c
+++ b/window-client.c
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ static const char *window_client_info_lines[] = {
 	"#[dim](#{t/r:client_created})#[default]",
 	"Activity Time #[acs]x#[default] "
 	"#{t:client_activity} "
-	"#[dim](#{t/r:client_created})#[default]",
+	"#[dim](#{t/r:client_activity})#[default]",
 	"Terminal Type #[acs]x#[default] "
 	"#{?client_termtype,#{client_termtype},Unknown}",
 	"TERM          #[acs]x#[default] "

From aa2fd3a15105a9c20e895d146d35c9265878987b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: nicm <nicm>
Date: Sat, 13 Jun 2026 16:16:18 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 07/21] Add flags to move-pane to move floating panes around
 (-U, -D, -L, -R similar to resize-pane; -X, -Y similar to new-pane).

---
 cmd-join-pane.c   | 90 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
 cmd-resize-pane.c |  2 +-
 tmux.1            | 33 +++++++++++++----
 3 files changed, 115 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/cmd-join-pane.c b/cmd-join-pane.c
index f4fb2ab7..67214fa0 100644
--- a/cmd-join-pane.c
+++ b/cmd-join-pane.c
@@ -31,6 +31,8 @@
  */
 
 static enum cmd_retval	cmd_join_pane_exec(struct cmd *, struct cmdq_item *);
+static enum cmd_retval	cmd_join_pane_move(struct cmdq_item *, struct args *,
+			    struct winlink *, struct window_pane *);
 
 const struct cmd_entry cmd_join_pane_entry = {
 	.name = "join-pane",
@@ -50,8 +52,10 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_move_pane_entry = {
 	.name = "move-pane",
 	.alias = "movep",
 
-	.args = { "bdfhvp:l:s:t:", 0, 0, NULL },
-	.usage = "[-bdfhv] [-l size] " CMD_SRCDST_PANE_USAGE,
+	.args = { "D::L::R::U::X:Y:bdfhvp:l:s:t:", 0, 0, NULL },
+	.usage = "[-bdfhv] [-D lines] [-L columns] [-R columns] "
+		 "[-U lines] [-X x-position] [-Y y-position] [-l size] "
+		 CMD_SRCDST_PANE_USAGE,
 
 	.source = { 's', CMD_FIND_PANE, CMD_FIND_DEFAULT_MARKED },
 	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_PANE, 0 },
@@ -60,6 +64,78 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_move_pane_entry = {
 	.exec = cmd_join_pane_exec
 };
 
+static enum cmd_retval
+cmd_join_pane_move(struct cmdq_item *item, struct args *args, struct winlink *wl,
+    struct window_pane *wp)
+{
+	struct window		*w = wl->window;
+	struct layout_cell	*lc = wp->layout_cell;
+	const char		*errstr, *argval;
+	const char		 flags[] = { 'U', 'D', 'L', 'R' };
+	char			*cause = NULL, flag;
+	int			 xoff, yoff, adjust;
+	u_int			 i;
+
+	if (!window_pane_is_floating(wp)) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "pane is not floating");
+		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	}
+
+	xoff = lc->xoff;
+	yoff = lc->yoff;
+
+	if (args_has(args, 'X')) {
+		xoff = args_percentage_and_expand(args, 'X', -(int)lc->sx,
+		    w->sx, w->sx, item, &cause);
+		if (cause != NULL) {
+			cmdq_error(item, "position %s", cause);
+			free(cause);
+			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+		}
+	}
+	if (args_has(args, 'Y')) {
+		yoff = args_percentage_and_expand(args, 'Y', -(int)lc->sy,
+		    w->sy, w->sy, item, &cause);
+		if (cause != NULL) {
+			cmdq_error(item, "position %s", cause);
+			free(cause);
+			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+		}
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nitems(flags); i++) {
+		flag = flags[i];
+		if (!args_has(args, flag))
+			continue;
+
+		argval = args_get(args, flag);
+		if (argval == NULL)
+			argval = "1";
+		adjust = strtonum(argval, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, &errstr);
+		if (errstr != NULL) {
+			cmdq_error(item, "offset %s", errstr);
+			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+		}
+
+		if (flag == 'U')
+			yoff -= adjust;
+		else if (flag == 'D')
+			yoff += adjust;
+		else if (flag == 'L')
+			xoff -= adjust;
+		else
+			xoff += adjust;
+	}
+
+	lc->xoff = xoff;
+	lc->yoff = yoff;
+	layout_fix_panes(w, NULL);
+	notify_window("window-layout-changed", w);
+	server_redraw_window(w);
+
+	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+}
+
 static enum cmd_retval
 cmd_join_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 {
@@ -82,6 +158,16 @@ cmd_join_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	dst_idx = dst_wl->idx;
 	server_unzoom_window(dst_w);
 
+	if (cmd_get_entry(self) == &cmd_move_pane_entry) {
+		if (args_has(args, 'X') ||
+		    args_has(args, 'Y') ||
+		    args_has(args, 'U') ||
+		    args_has(args, 'D') ||
+		    args_has(args, 'L') ||
+		    args_has(args, 'R'))
+			return (cmd_join_pane_move(item, args, dst_wl, dst_wp));
+	}
+
 	src_wl = source->wl;
 	src_wp = source->wp;
 	src_w = src_wl->window;
diff --git a/cmd-resize-pane.c b/cmd-resize-pane.c
index 25e2393d..9a8f5f99 100644
--- a/cmd-resize-pane.c
+++ b/cmd-resize-pane.c
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_resize_pane_entry = {
 	.alias = "resizep",
 
 	.args = { "D::L::MR::Tt:U::x:y:Z", 0, 1, NULL },
-	.usage = "[-MTZ] [-U lines] [-D lines] [-L columns] [-R columns] "
+	.usage = "[-MTZ] [-D lines] [-L columns] [-R columns] [-U lines] "
 		 "[-x width] [-y height] " CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE,
 
 	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_PANE, 0 },
diff --git a/tmux.1 b/tmux.1
index 70beac52..e16fbe3b 100644
--- a/tmux.1
+++ b/tmux.1
@@ -3304,13 +3304,34 @@ reverses the sort order.
 .Tg movep
 .It Xo Ic move\-pane
 .Op Fl bdfhv
+.Op Fl D Op Ar lines
+.Op Fl L Op Ar columns
+.Op Fl R Op Ar columns
+.Op Fl U Op Ar lines
+.Op Fl X Ar x\-position
+.Op Fl Y Ar y\-position
 .Op Fl l Ar size
 .Op Fl s Ar src\-pane
 .Op Fl t Ar dst\-pane
 .Xc
 .D1 Pq alias: Ic movep
 Does the same as
-.Ic join\-pane .
+.Ic join\-pane ,
+except if given
+.Fl U ,
+.Fl D ,
+.Fl L
+or
+.Fl R
+in which case move the target floating pane up, down, left or right by
+.Ar lines
+or
+.Ar columns
+(one if omitted);
+.Fl X
+and
+.Fl Y
+move to the an absolute position.
 .Tg movew
 .It Xo Ic move\-window
 .Op Fl abrdk
@@ -3612,13 +3633,13 @@ if specified, to
 .Tg resizep
 .It Xo Ic resize\-pane
 .Op Fl MTZ
-.Op Fl t Ar target\-pane
-.Op Fl U Ar lines
 .Op Fl D Ar lines
 .Op Fl L Ar columns
 .Op Fl R Ar columns
+.Op Fl U Ar lines
 .Op Fl x Ar width
 .Op Fl y Ar height
+.Op Fl t Ar target\-pane
 .Xc
 .D1 Pq alias: Ic resizep
 Resize a pane, up, down, left or right by a specified adjustment with
@@ -3626,10 +3647,8 @@ Resize a pane, up, down, left or right by a specified adjustment with
 .Fl D ,
 .Fl L
 or
-.Fl R ,
-or
-to an absolute size
-with
+.Fl R ;
+or to an absolute size with
 .Fl x
 or
 .Fl y .

From 19393e13db35cda45983d03e6e8ef1f3b3ffba90 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: nicm <nicm>
Date: Sat, 13 Jun 2026 17:12:02 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 08/21] Add -P to move-pane to move a floating pane to a
 specific place (top-left, bottom-right). Get rid of the not-so-useful default
 { and } swap-pane bindings and use the keys instead for moving to top-left,
 top-right and add M-{ and M-} for bottom-left, bottom-right.

---
 cmd-join-pane.c | 114 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------
 key-bindings.c  |   6 ++-
 tmux.1          |  41 +++++++++++++++--
 3 files changed, 133 insertions(+), 28 deletions(-)

diff --git a/cmd-join-pane.c b/cmd-join-pane.c
index 67214fa0..3f144b4b 100644
--- a/cmd-join-pane.c
+++ b/cmd-join-pane.c
@@ -31,8 +31,6 @@
  */
 
 static enum cmd_retval	cmd_join_pane_exec(struct cmd *, struct cmdq_item *);
-static enum cmd_retval	cmd_join_pane_move(struct cmdq_item *, struct args *,
-			    struct winlink *, struct window_pane *);
 
 const struct cmd_entry cmd_join_pane_entry = {
 	.name = "join-pane",
@@ -52,10 +50,10 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_move_pane_entry = {
 	.name = "move-pane",
 	.alias = "movep",
 
-	.args = { "D::L::R::U::X:Y:bdfhvp:l:s:t:", 0, 0, NULL },
-	.usage = "[-bdfhv] [-D lines] [-L columns] [-R columns] "
-		 "[-U lines] [-X x-position] [-Y y-position] [-l size] "
-		 CMD_SRCDST_PANE_USAGE,
+	.args = { "D::L::P:R::U::X:Y:bdfhvp:l:s:t:", 0, 0, NULL },
+	.usage = "[-bdfhv] [-D lines] [-L columns] [-P position] "
+		 "[-R columns] [-U lines] [-X x-position] "
+		 "[-Y y-position] [-l size] " CMD_SRCDST_PANE_USAGE,
 
 	.source = { 's', CMD_FIND_PANE, CMD_FIND_DEFAULT_MARKED },
 	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_PANE, 0 },
@@ -65,25 +63,88 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_move_pane_entry = {
 };
 
 static enum cmd_retval
-cmd_join_pane_move(struct cmdq_item *item, struct args *args, struct winlink *wl,
-    struct window_pane *wp)
+cmd_join_pane_place(struct cmdq_item *item, struct winlink *wl,
+    struct window_pane *wp, const char *position)
+{
+	struct window		*w = wl->window;
+	struct layout_cell	*lc = wp->layout_cell;
+	int			 wx = w->sx, wy = w->sy, px = lc->sx;
+	int			 py = lc->sy, xoff, yoff;
+
+	if (strcmp(position, "top-left") == 0) {
+		xoff = 1;
+		yoff = 1;
+	} else if (strcmp(position, "top-centre") == 0 ||
+	    strcmp(position, "top-center") == 0) {
+		xoff = (wx - px) / 2;
+		yoff = 1;
+	} else if (strcmp(position, "top-right") == 0) {
+		xoff = wx - px - 1;
+		yoff = 1;
+	} else if (strcmp(position, "centre-left") == 0 ||
+	    strcmp(position, "center-left") == 0) {
+		xoff = 1;
+		yoff = (wy - py) / 2;
+	} else if (strcmp(position, "centre") == 0 ||
+	    strcmp(position, "center") == 0) {
+		xoff = (wx - px) / 2;
+		yoff = (wy - py) / 2;
+	} else if (strcmp(position, "centre-right") == 0 ||
+	    strcmp(position, "center-right") == 0) {
+		xoff = wx - px - 1;
+		yoff = (wy - py) / 2;
+	} else if (strcmp(position, "bottom-left") == 0) {
+		xoff = 1;
+		yoff = wy - py - 1;
+	} else if (strcmp(position, "bottom-centre") == 0 ||
+	    strcmp(position, "bottom-center") == 0) {
+		xoff = (wx - px) / 2;
+		yoff = wy - py - 1;
+	} else if (strcmp(position, "bottom-right") == 0) {
+		xoff = wx - px - 1;
+		yoff = wy - py - 1;
+	} else if (strcmp(position, "top-left-centre") == 0 ||
+	    strcmp(position, "top-left-center") == 0) {
+		xoff = wx / 4 - px / 2;
+		yoff = wy / 4 - py / 2;
+	} else if (strcmp(position, "top-right-centre") == 0 ||
+	    strcmp(position, "top-right-center") == 0) {
+		xoff = (3 * wx) / 4 - px / 2;
+		yoff = wy / 4 - py / 2;
+	} else if (strcmp(position, "bottom-left-centre") == 0 ||
+	    strcmp(position, "bottom-left-center") == 0) {
+		xoff = wx / 4 - px / 2;
+		yoff = (3 * wy) / 4 - py / 2;
+	} else if (strcmp(position, "bottom-right-centre") == 0 ||
+	    strcmp(position, "bottom-right-center") == 0) {
+		xoff = (3 * wx) / 4 - px / 2;
+		yoff = (3 * wy) / 4 - py / 2;
+	} else {
+		cmdq_error(item, "unknown position: %s", position);
+		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	}
+
+	lc->xoff = xoff;
+	lc->yoff = yoff;
+	layout_fix_panes(w, NULL);
+	notify_window("window-layout-changed", w);
+	server_redraw_window(w);
+
+	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+}
+
+static enum cmd_retval
+cmd_join_pane_move(struct cmdq_item *item, struct args *args,
+    struct winlink *wl, struct window_pane *wp)
 {
 	struct window		*w = wl->window;
 	struct layout_cell	*lc = wp->layout_cell;
 	const char		*errstr, *argval;
 	const char		 flags[] = { 'U', 'D', 'L', 'R' };
 	char			*cause = NULL, flag;
-	int			 xoff, yoff, adjust;
+	int			 xoff = lc->xoff, yoff = lc->yoff, adjust;
 	u_int			 i;
 
-	if (!window_pane_is_floating(wp)) {
-		cmdq_error(item, "pane is not floating");
-		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
-	}
-
-	xoff = lc->xoff;
-	yoff = lc->yoff;
-
 	if (args_has(args, 'X')) {
 		xoff = args_percentage_and_expand(args, 'X', -(int)lc->sx,
 		    w->sx, w->sx, item, &cause);
@@ -127,11 +188,13 @@ cmd_join_pane_move(struct cmdq_item *item, struct args *args, struct winlink *wl
 			xoff += adjust;
 	}
 
-	lc->xoff = xoff;
-	lc->yoff = yoff;
-	layout_fix_panes(w, NULL);
-	notify_window("window-layout-changed", w);
-	server_redraw_window(w);
+	if (xoff != lc->xoff || yoff != lc->yoff) {
+		lc->xoff = xoff;
+		lc->yoff = yoff;
+		layout_fix_panes(w, NULL);
+		notify_window("window-layout-changed", w);
+		server_redraw_window(w);
+	}
 
 	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 }
@@ -147,6 +210,7 @@ cmd_join_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	struct winlink		*src_wl, *dst_wl;
 	struct window		*src_w, *dst_w;
 	struct window_pane	*src_wp, *dst_wp;
+	const char		*s;
 	char			*cause = NULL;
 	int			 flags = 0, dst_idx;
 	struct layout_cell	*lc;
@@ -159,6 +223,12 @@ cmd_join_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	server_unzoom_window(dst_w);
 
 	if (cmd_get_entry(self) == &cmd_move_pane_entry) {
+		if (!window_pane_is_floating(dst_wp)) {
+			cmdq_error(item, "pane is not floating");
+			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+		}
+		if ((s = args_get(args, 'P')) != NULL)
+			return (cmd_join_pane_place(item, dst_wl, dst_wp, s));
 		if (args_has(args, 'X') ||
 		    args_has(args, 'Y') ||
 		    args_has(args, 'U') ||
diff --git a/key-bindings.c b/key-bindings.c
index eee29ae0..95300537 100644
--- a/key-bindings.c
+++ b/key-bindings.c
@@ -406,8 +406,10 @@ key_bindings_init(void)
 		"bind -N 'Choose a window from a list' w { choose-tree -Zw }",
 		"bind -N 'Kill the active pane' x { confirm-before -p\"kill-pane #P? (y/n)\" kill-pane }",
 		"bind -N 'Zoom the active pane' z { resize-pane -Z }",
-		"bind -N 'Swap the active pane with the pane above' '{' { swap-pane -U }",
-		"bind -N 'Swap the active pane with the pane below' '}' { swap-pane -D }",
+		"bind -N 'Move pane to top-left corner' '{' { move-pane -P top-left }",
+		"bind -N 'Move pane to top-right corner' '}' { move-pane -P top-right }",
+		"bind -N 'Move pane to bottom-left corner' 'M-{' { move-pane -P bottom-left }",
+		"bind -N 'Move pane to bottom-right corner' 'M-}' { move-pane -P bottom-right }",
 		"bind -N 'Show messages' '~' { show-messages }",
 		"bind -N 'Enter copy mode and scroll up' PPage { copy-mode -u }",
 		"bind -N 'Select the pane above the active pane' -r Up { select-pane -U }",
diff --git a/tmux.1 b/tmux.1
index e16fbe3b..fbcec34a 100644
--- a/tmux.1
+++ b/tmux.1
@@ -3306,6 +3306,7 @@ reverses the sort order.
 .Op Fl bdfhv
 .Op Fl D Op Ar lines
 .Op Fl L Op Ar columns
+.Op Fl P Ar position
 .Op Fl R Op Ar columns
 .Op Fl U Op Ar lines
 .Op Fl X Ar x\-position
@@ -3318,20 +3319,52 @@ reverses the sort order.
 Does the same as
 .Ic join\-pane ,
 except if given
-.Fl U ,
 .Fl D ,
-.Fl L
+.Fl L ,
+.Fl P ,
+.Fl R ,
+.Fl U ,
+.Fl X
 or
+.Fl Y
+in which case move the target floating pane.
+.Fl D ,
+.Fl L ,
 .Fl R
-in which case move the target floating pane up, down, left or right by
+and
+.Fl U
+move it down, left, right or up by
 .Ar lines
 or
 .Ar columns
 (one if omitted);
+.Fl P
+moves it to
+.Ar position ,
+which may be
+.Ql top-left ,
+.Ql top-centre ,
+.Ql top-right ,
+.Ql centre-left ,
+.Ql centre ,
+.Ql centre-right ,
+.Ql bottom-left ,
+.Ql bottom-centre ,
+.Ql bottom-right ,
+.Ql top-left-centre ,
+.Ql top-right-centre ,
+.Ql bottom-left-centre
+or
+.Ql bottom-right-centre ;
+for each
+.Ql centre
+position,
+.Ql center
+is accepted as an alias.
 .Fl X
 and
 .Fl Y
-move to the an absolute position.
+move it to an absolute position.
 .Tg movew
 .It Xo Ic move\-window
 .Op Fl abrdk

From 56779f954208b26f67858623d70ac144203815aa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: nicm <nicm>
Date: Sat, 13 Jun 2026 17:43:20 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 09/21] Add Z index positions to move-pane -P.

---
 cmd-join-pane.c | 62 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----
 key-bindings.c  |  8 +++----
 tmux.1          | 46 +++++++++++++++++++-----------------
 3 files changed, 86 insertions(+), 30 deletions(-)

diff --git a/cmd-join-pane.c b/cmd-join-pane.c
index 3f144b4b..f899eb72 100644
--- a/cmd-join-pane.c
+++ b/cmd-join-pane.c
@@ -68,8 +68,9 @@ cmd_join_pane_place(struct cmdq_item *item, struct winlink *wl,
 {
 	struct window		*w = wl->window;
 	struct layout_cell	*lc = wp->layout_cell;
+	struct window_pane	*owp;
 	int			 wx = w->sx, wy = w->sy, px = lc->sx;
-	int			 py = lc->sy, xoff, yoff;
+	int			 py = lc->sy, xoff = lc->xoff, yoff = lc->yoff;
 
 	if (strcmp(position, "top-left") == 0) {
 		xoff = 1;
@@ -119,15 +120,66 @@ cmd_join_pane_place(struct cmdq_item *item, struct winlink *wl,
 	    strcmp(position, "bottom-right-center") == 0) {
 		xoff = (3 * wx) / 4 - px / 2;
 		yoff = (3 * wy) / 4 - py / 2;
+	} else if (strcmp(position, "front") == 0) {
+		TAILQ_REMOVE(&w->z_index, wp, zentry);
+		TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&w->z_index, wp, zentry);
+	} else if (strcmp(position, "back") == 0) {
+		TAILQ_REMOVE(&w->z_index, wp, zentry);
+		TAILQ_FOREACH(owp, &w->z_index, zentry) {
+			if (!window_pane_is_floating(owp))
+				break;
+		}
+		if (owp != NULL)
+			TAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE(owp, wp, zentry);
+		else
+			TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&w->z_index, wp, zentry);
+	} else if (strcmp(position, "forward") == 0) {
+		owp = TAILQ_PREV(wp, window_panes_zindex, zentry);
+		if (owp != NULL) {
+			TAILQ_REMOVE(&w->z_index, wp, zentry);
+			TAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE(owp, wp, zentry);
+		}
+	} else if (strcmp(position, "backward") == 0) {
+		owp = TAILQ_NEXT(wp, zentry);
+		if (owp != NULL && window_pane_is_floating(owp)) {
+			TAILQ_REMOVE(&w->z_index, wp, zentry);
+			TAILQ_INSERT_AFTER(&w->z_index, owp, wp, zentry);
+		}
+	} else if (strcmp(position, "forward-loop") == 0) {
+		owp = TAILQ_PREV(wp, window_panes_zindex, zentry);
+		TAILQ_REMOVE(&w->z_index, wp, zentry);
+		if (owp != NULL)
+			TAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE(owp, wp, zentry);
+		else {
+			TAILQ_FOREACH(owp, &w->z_index, zentry) {
+				if (!window_pane_is_floating(owp))
+					break;
+			}
+			if (owp != NULL)
+				TAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE(owp, wp, zentry);
+			else
+				TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&w->z_index, wp, zentry);
+		}
+	} else if (strcmp(position, "backward-loop") == 0) {
+		owp = TAILQ_NEXT(wp, zentry);
+		if (owp != NULL && window_pane_is_floating(owp)) {
+			TAILQ_REMOVE(&w->z_index, wp, zentry);
+			TAILQ_INSERT_AFTER(&w->z_index, owp, wp, zentry);
+		} else {
+			TAILQ_REMOVE(&w->z_index, wp, zentry);
+			TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&w->z_index, wp, zentry);
+		}
 	} else {
 		cmdq_error(item, "unknown position: %s", position);
 		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 	}
 
-	lc->xoff = xoff;
-	lc->yoff = yoff;
-	layout_fix_panes(w, NULL);
-	notify_window("window-layout-changed", w);
+	if (xoff != lc->xoff || yoff != lc->yoff) {
+		lc->xoff = xoff;
+		lc->yoff = yoff;
+		layout_fix_panes(w, NULL);
+		notify_window("window-layout-changed", w);
+	}
 	server_redraw_window(w);
 
 	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
diff --git a/key-bindings.c b/key-bindings.c
index 95300537..f1f99cce 100644
--- a/key-bindings.c
+++ b/key-bindings.c
@@ -406,10 +406,10 @@ key_bindings_init(void)
 		"bind -N 'Choose a window from a list' w { choose-tree -Zw }",
 		"bind -N 'Kill the active pane' x { confirm-before -p\"kill-pane #P? (y/n)\" kill-pane }",
 		"bind -N 'Zoom the active pane' z { resize-pane -Z }",
-		"bind -N 'Move pane to top-left corner' '{' { move-pane -P top-left }",
-		"bind -N 'Move pane to top-right corner' '}' { move-pane -P top-right }",
-		"bind -N 'Move pane to bottom-left corner' 'M-{' { move-pane -P bottom-left }",
-		"bind -N 'Move pane to bottom-right corner' 'M-}' { move-pane -P bottom-right }",
+		"bind -N 'Move pane to top-left corner' '{' { resize-pane -x50% -y50%; move-pane -P top-left }",
+		"bind -N 'Move pane to top-right corner' '}' { resize-pane -x50% -y50%; move-pane -P top-right }",
+		"bind -N 'Move pane to bottom-left corner' 'M-{' { resize-pane -x50% -y50%; move-pane -P bottom-left }",
+		"bind -N 'Move pane to bottom-right corner' 'M-}' { resize-pane -x50% -y50%; move-pane -P bottom-right }",
 		"bind -N 'Show messages' '~' { show-messages }",
 		"bind -N 'Enter copy mode and scroll up' PPage { copy-mode -u }",
 		"bind -N 'Select the pane above the active pane' -r Up { select-pane -U }",
diff --git a/tmux.1 b/tmux.1
index fbcec34a..c80619b9 100644
--- a/tmux.1
+++ b/tmux.1
@@ -3337,30 +3337,34 @@ move it down, left, right or up by
 .Ar lines
 or
 .Ar columns
-(one if omitted);
+(one if omitted).
 .Fl P
 moves it to
 .Ar position ,
-which may be
-.Ql top-left ,
-.Ql top-centre ,
-.Ql top-right ,
-.Ql centre-left ,
-.Ql centre ,
-.Ql centre-right ,
-.Ql bottom-left ,
-.Ql bottom-centre ,
-.Ql bottom-right ,
-.Ql top-left-centre ,
-.Ql top-right-centre ,
-.Ql bottom-left-centre
-or
-.Ql bottom-right-centre ;
-for each
-.Ql centre
-position,
-.Ql center
-is accepted as an alias.
+which may be one of:
+.Bl -column "XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX" "X"
+.It Sy "Position" Ta Sy "Meaning"
+.It Li "top-left" Ta "Top left"
+.It Li "top-centre" Ta "Top and horizontal centre"
+.It Li "top-right" Ta "Top right"
+.It Li "centre-left" Ta "Vertical centre and left"
+.It Li "centre" Ta "Centre"
+.It Li "centre-right" Ta "Vertical centre and right"
+.It Li "bottom-left" Ta "Bottom left"
+.It Li "bottom-centre" Ta "Bottom and horizontal centre"
+.It Li "bottom-right" Ta "Bottom right"
+.It Li "top-left-centre" Ta "Centre of top-left quadrant"
+.It Li "top-right-centre" Ta "Centre of top-right quadrant"
+.It Li "bottom-left-centre" Ta "Centre of bottom-left quadrant"
+.It Li "bottom-right-centre" Ta "Centre of botton-right quadrant"
+.It Li "front" Ta "Front of floating panes"
+.It Li "back" Ta "Back of floating panes"
+.It Li "forward" Ta "Forward one floating pane"
+.It Li "backward" Ta "Backward one floating pane"
+.It Li "forward-loop" Ta "Forward but back if already at front"
+.It Li "backward-loop" Ta "Backward but front if already at back"
+.El
+.Pp
 .Fl X
 and
 .Fl Y

From 654758e622ce68b46af24be9d885424582b915ee Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: nicm <nicm>
Date: Sat, 13 Jun 2026 18:06:01 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 10/21] Add move-pane -z to move a pane to a particular the
 z-index.

---
 cmd-join-pane.c | 48 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----
 tmux.1          | 16 +++++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 54 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/cmd-join-pane.c b/cmd-join-pane.c
index f899eb72..857aac0e 100644
--- a/cmd-join-pane.c
+++ b/cmd-join-pane.c
@@ -50,10 +50,10 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_move_pane_entry = {
 	.name = "move-pane",
 	.alias = "movep",
 
-	.args = { "D::L::P:R::U::X:Y:bdfhvp:l:s:t:", 0, 0, NULL },
-	.usage = "[-bdfhv] [-D lines] [-L columns] [-P position] "
-		 "[-R columns] [-U lines] [-X x-position] "
-		 "[-Y y-position] [-l size] " CMD_SRCDST_PANE_USAGE,
+	.args = { "bdfhvl:L::P:R::s:t:U::X:Y:z:", 0, 0, NULL },
+	.usage = "[-bdfhv] [-D lines] [-l size] [-L columns] [-P position] "
+	         "[-R columns] " CMD_SRCDST_PANE_USAGE " [-U lines] "
+	         "[-X x-position] [-Y y-position] [-z z-index]",
 
 	.source = { 's', CMD_FIND_PANE, CMD_FIND_DEFAULT_MARKED },
 	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_PANE, 0 },
@@ -178,8 +178,8 @@ cmd_join_pane_place(struct cmdq_item *item, struct winlink *wl,
 		lc->xoff = xoff;
 		lc->yoff = yoff;
 		layout_fix_panes(w, NULL);
-		notify_window("window-layout-changed", w);
 	}
+	notify_window("window-layout-changed", w);
 	server_redraw_window(w);
 
 	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
@@ -251,6 +251,42 @@ cmd_join_pane_move(struct cmdq_item *item, struct args *args,
 	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 }
 
+static enum cmd_retval
+cmd_join_pane_zindex(struct cmdq_item *item, struct winlink *wl,
+    struct window_pane *wp, const char *s)
+{
+	struct window		*w = wl->window;
+	struct window_pane	*owp;
+	const char		*errstr;
+	u_int			 n, z;
+
+	z = strtonum(s, 0, UINT_MAX, &errstr);
+	if (errstr != NULL) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "z-index %s", errstr);
+		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	}
+	TAILQ_REMOVE(&w->z_index, wp, zentry);
+
+	n = 0;
+	TAILQ_FOREACH(owp, &w->z_index, zentry) {
+		if (!window_pane_is_floating(owp))
+			break;
+		if (n >= z)
+			break;
+		n++;
+	}
+
+	if (owp != NULL)
+		TAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE(owp, wp, zentry);
+	else
+		TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&w->z_index, wp, zentry);
+
+	notify_window("window-layout-changed", w);
+	server_redraw_window(w);
+
+	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+}
+
 static enum cmd_retval
 cmd_join_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 {
@@ -281,6 +317,8 @@ cmd_join_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		}
 		if ((s = args_get(args, 'P')) != NULL)
 			return (cmd_join_pane_place(item, dst_wl, dst_wp, s));
+		if ((s = args_get(args, 'z')) != NULL)
+			return (cmd_join_pane_zindex(item, dst_wl, dst_wp, s));
 		if (args_has(args, 'X') ||
 		    args_has(args, 'Y') ||
 		    args_has(args, 'U') ||
diff --git a/tmux.1 b/tmux.1
index c80619b9..3e225222 100644
--- a/tmux.1
+++ b/tmux.1
@@ -3305,15 +3305,16 @@ reverses the sort order.
 .It Xo Ic move\-pane
 .Op Fl bdfhv
 .Op Fl D Op Ar lines
+.Op Fl l Ar size
 .Op Fl L Op Ar columns
 .Op Fl P Ar position
 .Op Fl R Op Ar columns
+.Op Fl s Ar src\-pane
+.Op Fl t Ar dst\-pane
 .Op Fl U Op Ar lines
 .Op Fl X Ar x\-position
 .Op Fl Y Ar y\-position
-.Op Fl l Ar size
-.Op Fl s Ar src\-pane
-.Op Fl t Ar dst\-pane
+.Op Fl z Ar z\-index
 .Xc
 .D1 Pq alias: Ic movep
 Does the same as
@@ -3324,9 +3325,10 @@ except if given
 .Fl P ,
 .Fl R ,
 .Fl U ,
-.Fl X
-or
+.Fl X ,
 .Fl Y
+or
+.Fl z
 in which case move the target floating pane.
 .Fl D ,
 .Fl L ,
@@ -3369,6 +3371,10 @@ which may be one of:
 and
 .Fl Y
 move it to an absolute position.
+.Fl z
+moves the pane to the given
+.Ar z-index ,
+where zero is the front.
 .Tg movew
 .It Xo Ic move\-window
 .Op Fl abrdk

From b182791052640f99188c3c744d5cb9a45789baee Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: nicm <nicm>
Date: Sat, 13 Jun 2026 18:30:16 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 11/21] Tidy up error messages from split-window.

---
 cmd-split-window.c |  2 +-
 layout.c           | 29 +++++++++++++++++++++--------
 2 files changed, 22 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/cmd-split-window.c b/cmd-split-window.c
index 940a4fc1..1c9eaae9 100644
--- a/cmd-split-window.c
+++ b/cmd-split-window.c
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ cmd_split_window_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	else
 		lc = layout_get_tiled_cell(item, args, w, wp, flags, &cause);
 	if (cause != NULL) {
-		cmdq_error(item, "size or position %s", cause);
+		cmdq_error(item, "%s", cause);
 		free(cause);
 		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 	}
diff --git a/layout.c b/layout.c
index 0beb5792..1cdab6cb 100644
--- a/layout.c
+++ b/layout.c
@@ -1416,30 +1416,43 @@ layout_get_floating_cell(struct cmdq_item *item, struct args *args,
 	struct layout_cell	*lcnew;
 	int			 sx = w->sx / 2, sy = w->sy / 4;
 	int			 ox = INT_MAX, oy = INT_MAX;
+	char			*error;
 
 	if (args_has(args, 'x')) {
 		sx = args_percentage_and_expand(args, 'x', 0, w->sx - 1, w->sx,
-		    item, cause);
-		if (*cause != NULL)
+		    item, &error);
+		if (error != NULL) {
+			xasprintf(cause, "position %s", error);
+			free(error);
 			return (NULL);
+		}
 	}
 	if (args_has(args, 'y')) {
 		sy = args_percentage_and_expand(args, 'y', 0, w->sy - 1, w->sy,
-		    item, cause);
-		if (*cause != NULL)
+		    item, &error);
+		if (error != NULL) {
+			xasprintf(cause, "position %s", error);
+			free(error);
 			return (NULL);
+		}
 	}
 	if (args_has(args, 'X')) {
 		ox = args_percentage_and_expand(args, 'X', -sx, w->sx,
-		    w->sx, item, cause);
-		if (*cause != NULL)
+		    w->sx, item, &error);
+		if (error != NULL) {
+			xasprintf(cause, "size %s", error);
+			free(error);
 			return (NULL);
+		}
 	}
 	if (args_has(args, 'Y')) {
 		oy = args_percentage_and_expand(args, 'Y', -sy, w->sy,
-		    w->sy, item, cause);
-		if (*cause != NULL)
+		    w->sy, item, &error);
+		if (error != NULL) {
+			xasprintf(cause, "size %s", error);
+			free(error);
 			return (NULL);
+		}
 	}
 
 	if (ox == INT_MAX) {

From ab92b27226ebe473a9b97f528e798a8645bd0989 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: nicm <nicm>
Date: Sat, 13 Jun 2026 19:57:44 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 12/21] Make the resize keys always change right and bottom
 borders for floating panes which is more intuitive.

---
 key-bindings.c | 10 +++++-----
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/key-bindings.c b/key-bindings.c
index f1f99cce..08d4c5f6 100644
--- a/key-bindings.c
+++ b/key-bindings.c
@@ -431,13 +431,13 @@ key_bindings_init(void)
 		"bind -N 'Move the visible part of the window left' -r S-Left { refresh-client -L 10 }",
 		"bind -N 'Move the visible part of the window right' -r S-Right { refresh-client -R 10 }",
 		"bind -N 'Reset so the visible part of the window follows the cursor' -r DC { refresh-client -c }",
-		"bind -N 'Resize the pane up by 5' -r M-Up { resize-pane -U 5 }",
+		"bind -N 'Resize the pane up by 5' -r M-Up if -F '#{?floating_pane_flag}' { resizep -D-5 } { resize-pane -U 5 }",
 		"bind -N 'Resize the pane down by 5' -r M-Down { resize-pane -D 5 }",
-		"bind -N 'Resize the pane left by 5' -r M-Left { resize-pane -L 5 }",
-		"bind -N 'Resize the pane right by 5' -r M-Right { resize-pane -R 5 }",
-		"bind -N 'Resize the pane up' -r C-Up { resize-pane -U }",
+		"bind -N 'Resize the pane left by 5' -r M-Left if -F '#{?floating_pane_flag}' { resizep -R-5 } { resize-pane -L 5 }",
+		"bind -N 'Resize the pane right by 5' -r M-Right resize-pane -R 5",
+		"bind -N 'Resize the pane up' -r C-Up if -F '#{?floating_pane_flag}' { resizep -D-1 } { resize-pane -U }",
 		"bind -N 'Resize the pane down' -r C-Down { resize-pane -D }",
-		"bind -N 'Resize the pane left' -r C-Left { resize-pane -L }",
+		"bind -N 'Resize the pane left' -r C-Left if -F '#{?floating_pane_flag}' { resizep -R-1 } { resize-pane -L }",
 		"bind -N 'Resize the pane right' -r C-Right { resize-pane -R }",
 
 		/* Menu keys */

From d23a2b7e9717a41bd2c863f38c0bac056ba03a4f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: nicm <nicm>
Date: Sat, 13 Jun 2026 20:03:10 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 13/21] Skip floating cells when moving to previous cell for
 resize of tiled cells.

---
 layout.c | 8 ++++++--
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/layout.c b/layout.c
index 1cdab6cb..a91b5cb5 100644
--- a/layout.c
+++ b/layout.c
@@ -743,6 +743,7 @@ layout_resize_floating_pane(struct window_pane *wp, enum layout_type type,
 	}
 }
 
+/* Resize a layout cell. */
 void
 layout_resize_layout(struct window *w, struct layout_cell *lc,
     enum layout_type type, int change, int opposite)
@@ -788,8 +789,11 @@ layout_resize_pane(struct window_pane *wp, enum layout_type type, int change,
 		return;
 
 	/* If this is the last cell, move back one. */
-	if (lc == TAILQ_LAST(&lcparent->cells, layout_cells))
-		lc = TAILQ_PREV(lc, layout_cells, entry);
+	if (lc == TAILQ_LAST(&lcparent->cells, layout_cells)) {
+		do
+			lc = TAILQ_PREV(lc, layout_cells, entry);
+		while (lc->flags & LAYOUT_CELL_FLOATING);
+	}
 
 	layout_resize_layout(wp->window, lc, type, change, opposite);
 }

From 5b6ed5481751f7cd12e92abc2825e0d0e74a2188 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: nicm <nicm>
Date: Sat, 13 Jun 2026 20:07:30 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 14/21] Add some missing const, from Jere Viikari.

---
 environ.c    |  3 ++-
 format.c     |  4 ++--
 input-keys.c |  2 +-
 input.c      | 16 ++++++++--------
 4 files changed, 13 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/environ.c b/environ.c
index 1e167b8a..f9bc8cab 100644
--- a/environ.c
+++ b/environ.c
@@ -152,7 +152,8 @@ environ_clear(struct environ *env, const char *name)
 void
 environ_put(struct environ *env, const char *var, int flags)
 {
-	char	*name, *value;
+	char		*name;
+	const char	*value;
 
 	value = strchr(var, '=');
 	if (value == NULL)
diff --git a/format.c b/format.c
index 5a0a638e..cb309e08 100644
--- a/format.c
+++ b/format.c
@@ -3760,7 +3760,7 @@ format_table_compare(const void *key0, const void *entry0)
 }
 
 /* Get a format callback. */
-static struct format_table_entry *
+static const struct format_table_entry *
 format_table_get(const char *key)
 {
 	return (bsearch(key, format_table, nitems(format_table),
@@ -4094,7 +4094,7 @@ static char *
 format_find(struct format_tree *ft, const char *key, int modifiers,
     const char *time_format)
 {
-	struct format_table_entry	*fte;
+	const struct format_table_entry	*fte;
 	void				*value;
 	struct format_entry		*fe, fe_find;
 	struct environ_entry		*envent;
diff --git a/input-keys.c b/input-keys.c
index 963824c7..7d52106e 100644
--- a/input-keys.c
+++ b/input-keys.c
@@ -484,7 +484,7 @@ input_key_vt10x(struct bufferevent *bev, key_code key)
 {
 	struct utf8_data	 ud;
 	key_code		 onlykey;
-	char			*p;
+	const char		*p;
 	static const char	*standard_map[2] = {
 		"1!9(0)=+;:'\",<.>/-8? 2",
 		"119900=+;;'',,..\x1f\x1f\x7f\x7f\0\0",
diff --git a/input.c b/input.c
index 0681b88e..22440e81 100644
--- a/input.c
+++ b/input.c
@@ -1365,7 +1365,7 @@ input_esc_dispatch(struct input_ctx *ictx)
 {
 	struct screen_write_ctx		*sctx = &ictx->ctx;
 	struct screen			*s = sctx->s;
-	struct input_table_entry	*entry;
+	const struct input_table_entry	*entry;
 
 	if (ictx->flags & INPUT_DISCARD)
 		return (0);
@@ -1439,12 +1439,12 @@ input_esc_dispatch(struct input_ctx *ictx)
 static int
 input_csi_dispatch(struct input_ctx *ictx)
 {
-	struct screen_write_ctx	       *sctx = &ictx->ctx;
-	struct screen		       *s = sctx->s;
-	struct input_table_entry       *entry;
-	struct options		       *oo;
-	int				i, n, m, ek, set, p;
-	u_int				cx, bg = ictx->cell.cell.bg;
+	struct screen_write_ctx		*sctx = &ictx->ctx;
+	struct screen			*s = sctx->s;
+	const struct input_table_entry	*entry;
+	struct options			*oo;
+	int				 i, n, m, ek, set, p;
+	u_int				 cx, bg = ictx->cell.cell.bg;
 
 	if (ictx->flags & INPUT_DISCARD)
 		return (0);
@@ -3188,7 +3188,7 @@ static int
 input_osc_52_parse(struct input_ctx *ictx, const char *p, u_char **out,
     int *outlen, char *clip)
 {
-	char		*end;
+	const char	*end;
 	size_t		 len;
 	const char	*allow = "cpqs01234567";
 	u_int		 i, j = 0;

From b1054ac227cf7d2196434d2b427ccf3ac490ae8d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: nicm <nicm>
Date: Sat, 13 Jun 2026 20:39:11 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 15/21] With mode-keys vi, keep cursor in the same position
 relative to the text when scrolling. GitHub issue 5216 from Arseniy Simonov.

---
 tmux.1        | 10 ++++++++++
 window-copy.c | 12 ++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 22 insertions(+)

diff --git a/tmux.1 b/tmux.1
index 3e225222..87cdb70d 100644
--- a/tmux.1
+++ b/tmux.1
@@ -2320,6 +2320,11 @@ that line.
 (emacs: C\-Down)
 .Xc
 Scroll down.
+If
+.Ic mode\-keys
+is
+.Ic vi ,
+the cursor is fixed relative to the text.
 .It Xo
 .Ic scroll\-down\-and\-cancel
 .Xc
@@ -2361,6 +2366,11 @@ that line.
 (emacs: C\-Up)
 .Xc
 Scroll up.
+If
+.Ic mode\-keys
+is
+.Ic vi ,
+the cursor is fixed relative to the text.
 .It Xo
 .Ic search\-again
 (vi: n)
diff --git a/window-copy.c b/window-copy.c
index b33aa97d..f06b179b 100644
--- a/window-copy.c
+++ b/window-copy.c
@@ -6105,6 +6105,7 @@ static void
 window_copy_cursor_up(struct window_mode_entry *wme, int scroll_only)
 {
 	struct window_copy_mode_data	*data = wme->data;
+	struct options			*oo = wme->wp->window->options;
 	struct screen			*s = &data->screen;
 	u_int				 ox, oy, px, py;
 	int				 norectsel;
@@ -6120,6 +6121,11 @@ window_copy_cursor_up(struct window_mode_entry *wme, int scroll_only)
 	if (data->lineflag == LINE_SEL_LEFT_RIGHT && oy == data->sely)
 		window_copy_other_end(wme);
 
+	if (scroll_only && options_get_number(oo, "mode-keys") == MODEKEY_VI) {
+		if (data->cy < screen_size_y(s) - 1)
+			window_copy_update_cursor(wme, data->cx, data->cy + 1);
+	}
+
 	if (scroll_only || data->cy == 0) {
 		if (norectsel)
 			data->cx = data->lastcx;
@@ -6179,6 +6185,7 @@ static void
 window_copy_cursor_down(struct window_mode_entry *wme, int scroll_only)
 {
 	struct window_copy_mode_data	*data = wme->data;
+	struct options			*oo = wme->wp->window->options;
 	struct screen			*s = &data->screen;
 	u_int				 ox, oy, px, py;
 	int				 norectsel;
@@ -6194,6 +6201,11 @@ window_copy_cursor_down(struct window_mode_entry *wme, int scroll_only)
 	if (data->lineflag == LINE_SEL_RIGHT_LEFT && oy == data->endsely)
 		window_copy_other_end(wme);
 
+	if (scroll_only && options_get_number(oo, "mode-keys") == MODEKEY_VI) {
+		if (data->cy > 0)
+			window_copy_update_cursor(wme, data->cx, data->cy - 1);
+	}
+
 	if (scroll_only || data->cy == screen_size_y(s) - 1) {
 		if (norectsel)
 			data->cx = data->lastcx;

From 97472e374f821f71e94cdebdfe7fff6f0bd837c1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: nicm <nicm>
Date: Sun, 14 Jun 2026 08:47:44 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 16/21] Return early if connect construct cell, reported by
 Jere Viikari.

---
 layout-custom.c | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/layout-custom.c b/layout-custom.c
index 0dc1abc1..0fc3f5d1 100644
--- a/layout-custom.c
+++ b/layout-custom.c
@@ -379,6 +379,8 @@ layout_construct(struct layout_cell *lcparent, const char **layout,
 	struct layout_cell	*lcchild;
 
 	*lc = layout_construct_cell(lcparent, layout);
+	if (*lc == NULL)
+		return (-1);
 
 	switch (**layout) {
 	case ',':

From cbe0f1f1e9684586d7b75b1e5d47ff61604dd3e6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 14 Jun 2026 09:50:31 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 17/21] Another const from Jere Viikari.

---
 compat/getopt_long.c | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/compat/getopt_long.c b/compat/getopt_long.c
index 3d4df3fc..fdbcc86f 100644
--- a/compat/getopt_long.c
+++ b/compat/getopt_long.c
@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ static int
 getopt_internal(int nargc, char * const *nargv, const char *options,
 	const struct option *long_options, int *idx, int flags)
 {
-	char *oli;				/* option letter list index */
+	const char *oli;			/* option letter list index */
 	int optchar, short_too;
 	static int posixly_correct = -1;
 

From 778a15b64a91f98d383a77391fa3a1aa75fcd817 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: nicm <nicm>
Date: Sun, 14 Jun 2026 18:59:15 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 18/21] Take account of borders when resizing floating panes.

---
 layout.c | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/layout.c b/layout.c
index a91b5cb5..17bb2d4a 100644
--- a/layout.c
+++ b/layout.c
@@ -698,6 +698,8 @@ layout_resize_floating_pane_to(struct window_pane *wp, enum layout_type type,
 		return;
 	}
 
+	if (size >= PANE_MINIMUM + 2)
+		size -= 2;
 	if (size < PANE_MINIMUM || size > PANE_MAXIMUM) {
 		*cause = xstrdup("size is too big or too small");
 		return;

From 87976aa48e3b1effcc9226736c7874d3ec674271 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: nicm <nicm>
Date: Sun, 14 Jun 2026 19:31:37 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 19/21] Add a helper to get pane-border-status for a window for
 some other changes to come.

---
 cmd-resize-pane.c |  2 +-
 format.c          |  2 +-
 layout.c          |  8 ++++----
 screen-redraw.c   | 10 +++++-----
 server-client.c   | 10 ++++------
 tmux.h            |  5 +++--
 window.c          | 26 ++++++++++++++++----------
 7 files changed, 34 insertions(+), 29 deletions(-)

diff --git a/cmd-resize-pane.c b/cmd-resize-pane.c
index 9a8f5f99..72f871d7 100644
--- a/cmd-resize-pane.c
+++ b/cmd-resize-pane.c
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ cmd_resize_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 			free(cause);
 			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 		}
-		status = options_get_number(w->options, "pane-border-status");
+		status = window_get_pane_status(w);
 		switch (status) {
 		case PANE_STATUS_TOP:
 			if (y != INT_MAX && wp->yoff == 1)
diff --git a/format.c b/format.c
index cb309e08..d0f8518f 100644
--- a/format.c
+++ b/format.c
@@ -1151,7 +1151,7 @@ format_cb_pane_at_top(struct format_tree *ft)
 		return (NULL);
 	w = wp->window;
 
-	status = options_get_number(w->options, "pane-border-status");
+	status = window_get_pane_status(w);
 	if (status == PANE_STATUS_TOP)
 		flag = (wp->yoff == 1);
 	else
diff --git a/layout.c b/layout.c
index 17bb2d4a..e058ac6f 100644
--- a/layout.c
+++ b/layout.c
@@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ layout_fix_panes(struct window *w, struct window_pane *skip)
 	int			 status, scrollbars, sb_pos, sb_w, sb_pad;
 	u_int			 sx, sy;
 
-	status = options_get_number(w->options, "pane-border-status");
+	status = window_get_pane_status(w);
 	scrollbars = options_get_number(w->options, "pane-scrollbars");
 	sb_pos = options_get_number(w->options, "pane-scrollbars-position");
 
@@ -426,7 +426,7 @@ layout_resize_check(struct window *w, struct layout_cell *lc,
 	u_int			 available, minimum;
 	int			 status, scrollbars;
 
-	status = options_get_number(w->options, "pane-border-status");
+	status = window_get_pane_status(w);
 	scrollbars = options_get_number(w->options, "pane-scrollbars");
 
 	if (lc->type == LAYOUT_WINDOWPANE) {
@@ -1060,7 +1060,7 @@ layout_split_pane(struct window_pane *wp, enum layout_type type, int size,
 		lc = wp->window->layout_root;
 	else
 		lc = wp->layout_cell;
-	status = options_get_number(wp->window->options, "pane-border-status");
+	status = window_get_pane_status(wp->window);
 	scrollbars = options_get_number(wp->window->options, "pane-scrollbars");
 
 	/* Copy the old cell size. */
@@ -1283,7 +1283,7 @@ layout_spread_cell(struct window *w, struct layout_cell *parent)
 		number++;
 	if (number <= 1)
 		return (0);
-	status = options_get_number(w->options, "pane-border-status");
+	status = window_get_pane_status(w);
 
 	if (parent->type == LAYOUT_LEFTRIGHT)
 		size = parent->sx;
diff --git a/screen-redraw.c b/screen-redraw.c
index dd62971a..e8f73422 100644
--- a/screen-redraw.c
+++ b/screen-redraw.c
@@ -774,7 +774,6 @@ screen_redraw_set_context(struct client *c, struct screen_redraw_ctx *ctx)
 	struct session	*s = c->session;
 	struct options	*oo = s->options;
 	struct window	*w = s->curw->window;
-	struct options	*wo = w->options;
 	u_int		 lines;
 
 	memset(ctx, 0, sizeof *ctx);
@@ -787,11 +786,12 @@ screen_redraw_set_context(struct client *c, struct screen_redraw_ctx *ctx)
 		ctx->statustop = 1;
 	ctx->statuslines = lines;
 
-	ctx->pane_status = options_get_number(wo, "pane-border-status");
-	ctx->pane_lines = options_get_number(wo, "pane-border-lines");
+	ctx->pane_status = window_get_pane_status(w);
+	ctx->pane_lines = options_get_number(w->options, "pane-border-lines");
 
-	ctx->pane_scrollbars = options_get_number(wo, "pane-scrollbars");
-	ctx->pane_scrollbars_pos = options_get_number(wo,
+	ctx->pane_scrollbars = options_get_number(w->options,
+	    "pane-scrollbars");
+	ctx->pane_scrollbars_pos = options_get_number(w->options,
 	    "pane-scrollbars-position");
 
 	tty_window_offset(&c->tty, &ctx->ox, &ctx->oy, &ctx->sx, &ctx->sy);
diff --git a/server-client.c b/server-client.c
index e968fad7..c3d04c3b 100644
--- a/server-client.c
+++ b/server-client.c
@@ -607,15 +607,14 @@ server_client_check_mouse_in_pane(struct window_pane *wp, int px, int py,
     u_int *sl_mpos)
 {
 	struct window		*w = wp->window;
-	struct options		*wo = w->options;
 	struct window_pane	*fwp;
 	int			 pane_status, sb, sb_pos, sb_w, sb_pad;
 	int			 pane_status_line, sl_top, sl_bottom;
 	int			 bdr_bottom, bdr_top, bdr_left, bdr_right;
 
-	sb = options_get_number(wo, "pane-scrollbars");
-	sb_pos = options_get_number(wo, "pane-scrollbars-position");
-	pane_status = options_get_number(wo, "pane-border-status");
+	sb = options_get_number(w->options, "pane-scrollbars");
+	sb_pos = options_get_number(w->options, "pane-scrollbars-position");
+	pane_status = window_get_pane_status(w);
 
 	if (window_pane_show_scrollbar(wp, sb)) {
 		sb_w = wp->scrollbar_style.width;
@@ -919,8 +918,7 @@ have_event:
 				log_debug("mouse %u,%u on pane %%%u", x, y,
 				    wp->id);
 			} else if (loc == KEYC_MOUSE_LOCATION_BORDER) {
-				sr = window_pane_border_status_get_range(wp, px,
-					py);
+				sr = window_pane_status_get_range(wp, px, py);
 				if (sr != NULL) {
 					n = sr->argument;
 					loc = KEYC_MOUSE_LOCATION_CONTROL0 + n;
diff --git a/tmux.h b/tmux.h
index ea65525b..20b3c228 100644
--- a/tmux.h
+++ b/tmux.h
@@ -3472,8 +3472,9 @@ int		 window_pane_get_bg_control_client(struct window_pane *);
 int		 window_get_bg_client(struct window_pane *);
 enum client_theme window_pane_get_theme(struct window_pane *);
 void		 window_pane_send_theme_update(struct window_pane *);
-struct style_range *window_pane_border_status_get_range(struct window_pane *,
-			u_int, u_int);
+int		 window_get_pane_status(struct window *);
+struct style_range *window_pane_status_get_range(struct window_pane *, u_int,
+		     u_int);
 int		 window_pane_is_floating(struct window_pane *);
 
 /* layout.c */
diff --git a/window.c b/window.c
index a1b8b4a2..8b00dd1a 100644
--- a/window.c
+++ b/window.c
@@ -627,7 +627,7 @@ window_get_active_at(struct window *w, u_int x, u_int y)
 	int			 pane_status, xoff, yoff;
 	u_int			 sx, sy;
 
-	pane_status = options_get_number(w->options, "pane-border-status");
+	pane_status = window_get_pane_status(w);
 
 	if (pane_status == PANE_STATUS_TOP) {
 		/*
@@ -635,10 +635,12 @@ window_get_active_at(struct window *w, u_int x, u_int y)
 		 * bottom border.
 		 */
 		TAILQ_FOREACH(wp, &w->z_index, zentry) {
-			if (!window_pane_visible(wp) || window_pane_is_floating(wp))
+			if (!window_pane_visible(wp) ||
+			    window_pane_is_floating(wp))
 				continue;
 
-			window_pane_full_size_offset(wp, &xoff, &yoff, &sx, &sy);
+			window_pane_full_size_offset(wp, &xoff, &yoff, &sx,
+			    &sy);
 			if ((int)x < xoff || x > xoff + sx)
 				continue;
 			if ((int)y == yoff - 1)
@@ -685,7 +687,7 @@ window_find_string(struct window *w, const char *s)
 	x = w->sx / 2;
 	y = w->sy / 2;
 
-	status = options_get_number(w->options, "pane-border-status");
+	status = window_get_pane_status(w);
 	if (status == PANE_STATUS_TOP)
 		top++;
 	else if (status == PANE_STATUS_BOTTOM)
@@ -1544,7 +1546,7 @@ window_pane_find_up(struct window_pane *wp)
 	if (wp == NULL)
 		return (NULL);
 	w = wp->window;
-	status = options_get_number(w->options, "pane-border-status");
+	status = window_get_pane_status(w);
 
 	list = NULL;
 	size = 0;
@@ -1605,7 +1607,7 @@ window_pane_find_down(struct window_pane *wp)
 	if (wp == NULL)
 		return (NULL);
 	w = wp->window;
-	status = options_get_number(w->options, "pane-border-status");
+	status = window_get_pane_status(w);
 
 	list = NULL;
 	size = 0;
@@ -2121,21 +2123,19 @@ window_pane_send_theme_update(struct window_pane *wp)
 }
 
 struct style_range *
-window_pane_border_status_get_range(struct window_pane *wp, u_int x, u_int y)
+window_pane_status_get_range(struct window_pane *wp, u_int x, u_int y)
 {
 	struct style_ranges	*srs;
 	struct window		*w;
-	struct options		*wo;
 	u_int			 line;
 	int			 pane_status;
 
 	if (wp == NULL)
 		return (NULL);
 	w = wp->window;
-	wo = w->options;
 	srs = &wp->border_status_line.ranges;
 
-	pane_status = options_get_number(wo, "pane-border-status");
+	pane_status = window_get_pane_status(w);
 	if (pane_status == PANE_STATUS_TOP)
 		line = wp->yoff - 1;
 	else if (pane_status == PANE_STATUS_BOTTOM)
@@ -2150,6 +2150,12 @@ window_pane_border_status_get_range(struct window_pane *wp, u_int x, u_int y)
 	return (style_ranges_get_range(srs, x - wp->xoff - 2));
 }
 
+int
+window_get_pane_status(struct window *w)
+{
+       return (options_get_number(w->options, "pane-border-status"));
+}
+
 int
 window_pane_is_floating(struct window_pane *wp)
 {

From cc27470cb6d233074391f1602aa4256af2f3527f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: nicm <nicm>
Date: Sun, 14 Jun 2026 20:37:57 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 20/21] Skip floating panes when working out the top or bottom
 cell. Fixes missing bottom status pane status line when floating panes exist.

---
 layout.c | 30 ++++++++++++++++++++++--------
 1 file changed, 22 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/layout.c b/layout.c
index e058ac6f..686d1bdf 100644
--- a/layout.c
+++ b/layout.c
@@ -292,15 +292,22 @@ layout_fix_offsets(struct window *w)
 static int
 layout_cell_is_top(struct window *w, struct layout_cell *lc)
 {
-	struct layout_cell	*next;
+	struct layout_cell	*next, *edge;
 
 	while (lc != w->layout_root) {
 		next = lc->parent;
 		if (next == NULL)
 			return (0);
-		if (next->type == LAYOUT_TOPBOTTOM &&
-		    lc != TAILQ_FIRST(&next->cells))
-			return (0);
+		if (next->type == LAYOUT_TOPBOTTOM) {
+			edge = TAILQ_FIRST(&next->cells);
+			while (edge != NULL) {
+				if (~edge->flags & LAYOUT_CELL_FLOATING)
+					break;
+				edge = TAILQ_NEXT(edge, entry);
+			}
+			if (lc != edge)
+				return (0);
+		}
 		lc = next;
 	}
 	return (1);
@@ -310,15 +317,22 @@ layout_cell_is_top(struct window *w, struct layout_cell *lc)
 static int
 layout_cell_is_bottom(struct window *w, struct layout_cell *lc)
 {
-	struct layout_cell	*next;
+	struct layout_cell	*next, *edge;
 
 	while (lc != w->layout_root) {
 		next = lc->parent;
 		if (next == NULL)
 			return (0);
-		if (next->type == LAYOUT_TOPBOTTOM &&
-		    lc != TAILQ_LAST(&next->cells, layout_cells))
-			return (0);
+		if (next->type == LAYOUT_TOPBOTTOM) {
+			edge = TAILQ_LAST(&next->cells, layout_cells);
+			while (edge != NULL) {
+				if (~edge->flags & LAYOUT_CELL_FLOATING)
+					break;
+				edge = TAILQ_PREV(edge, layout_cells, entry);
+			}
+			if (lc != edge)
+				return (0);
+		}
 		lc = next;
 	}
 	return (1);

From 6e0e343f2375790c87b41995cd5fa260557a425b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: nicm <nicm>
Date: Sun, 14 Jun 2026 20:53:20 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 21/21] Fix various errors in redrawing:

- Fix the active pane colour when only two panes and scrollbars enabled.

- Clip left and right scrollbars the same for floating panes.

- Do not subtract scrollbar width twice when working out width of status
  line.

- Check if a character is inside a visible range correctly (do not
  include the next position outside the range).
---
 screen-redraw.c | 22 +++++++++++++---------
 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/screen-redraw.c b/screen-redraw.c
index e8f73422..95436501 100644
--- a/screen-redraw.c
+++ b/screen-redraw.c
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ screen_redraw_pane_border(struct screen_redraw_ctx *ctx, struct window_pane *wp,
 	}
 
 	/* Top/bottom borders. */
-	if (vsplit && pane_status == PANE_STATUS_OFF && sb_w == 0) {
+	if (vsplit && pane_status == PANE_STATUS_OFF) {
 		if (wp->yoff == 0 && py == sy && px <= sx / 2)
 			return (SCREEN_REDRAW_BORDER_BOTTOM);
 		if (wp->yoff != 0 && py == wp->yoff - 1 && px > sx / 2)
@@ -220,9 +220,10 @@ screen_redraw_pane_border(struct screen_redraw_ctx *ctx, struct window_pane *wp,
 		if (sb_pos == PANE_SCROLLBARS_LEFT) {
 			if ((wp->xoff - sb_w == 0 || px >= wp->xoff - sb_w) &&
 			    (px <= ex || (sb_w != 0 && px < ex + sb_w))) {
-				if (wp->yoff != 0 && py == wp->yoff - 1)
+				if (pane_status != PANE_STATUS_BOTTOM &&
+				    wp->yoff != 0 && py == wp->yoff - 1)
 					return (SCREEN_REDRAW_BORDER_TOP);
-				if (py == ey)
+				if (pane_status != PANE_STATUS_TOP && py == ey)
 					return (SCREEN_REDRAW_BORDER_BOTTOM);
 			}
 		} else { /* sb_pos == PANE_SCROLLBARS_RIGHT */
@@ -617,7 +618,7 @@ screen_redraw_make_pane_status(struct client *c, struct window_pane *wp,
 		width = 0;
 	else
 		width = wp->sx + sb_w - 2;
-	max_width = (int)w->sx - (wp->xoff + 2) - sb_w;
+	max_width = (int)w->sx - (wp->xoff + 2);
 	if (max_width < 0)
 		max_width = 0;
 	if (width > (u_int)max_width)
@@ -701,7 +702,7 @@ screen_redraw_draw_pane_status(struct screen_redraw_ctx *ctx)
 			width = size;
 		} else if (xoff < ctx->ox && xoff + size > ctx->ox + ctx->sx) {
 			/* Both left and right not visible. */
-			l = ctx->ox;
+			l = ctx->ox - xoff;
 			x = 0;
 			width = ctx->sx;
 		} else if (xoff < ctx->ox) {
@@ -1121,7 +1122,7 @@ screen_redraw_is_visible(struct visible_ranges *r, u_int px)
 		return (1);
 	for (i = 0; i < r->used; i++) {
 		ri = &r->ranges[i];
-		if (ri->nx != 0 && px >= ri->px && px <= ri->px + ri->nx)
+		if (ri->nx != 0 && px >= ri->px && px < ri->px + ri->nx)
 			return (1);
 	}
 	return (0);
@@ -1143,11 +1144,13 @@ screen_redraw_get_visible_ranges(struct window_pane *base_wp, int px,
 	u_int				 lb, rb, tb, bb;
 	u_int				 i, s;
 
-	if (px + width <= 0 || py < 0)
+	if (py < 0 || width == 0)
 		goto empty;
 	if (px < 0) {
+		if ((u_int)-px >= width)
+			goto empty;
+		width -= (u_int)-px;
 		px = 0;
-		width += px;
 	}
 
 	if (base_wp == NULL) {
@@ -1194,7 +1197,8 @@ screen_redraw_get_visible_ranges(struct window_pane *base_wp, int px,
 		    (u_int)py < tb ||
 		    (u_int)py > bb)
 			continue;
-		if (!window_pane_is_floating(wp) && (u_int)py == bb)
+		if (!window_pane_is_floating(wp) &&
+		    ((u_int)py == tb || (u_int)py == bb))
 			continue;
 
 		sb_w = wp->scrollbar_style.width + wp->scrollbar_style.pad;