diff --git a/mode-tree.c b/mode-tree.c
index 32ae4a33..4307dbf0 100644
--- a/mode-tree.c
+++ b/mode-tree.c
@@ -39,10 +39,9 @@ struct mode_tree_data {
 	u_int			  sort_size;
 	u_int			  sort_type;
 
-	void			 (*buildcb)(void *, u_int, uint64_t *,
-				     const char *);
-	struct screen		*(*drawcb)(void *, void *, u_int, u_int);
-	int			 (*searchcb)(void*, void *, const char *);
+	mode_tree_build_cb        buildcb;
+	mode_tree_draw_cb         drawcb;
+	mode_tree_search_cb       searchcb;
 
 	struct mode_tree_list	  children;
 	struct mode_tree_list	  saved;
@@ -265,8 +264,8 @@ mode_tree_count_tagged(struct mode_tree_data *mtd)
 }
 
 void
-mode_tree_each_tagged(struct mode_tree_data *mtd, void (*cb)(void *, void *,
-    struct client *, key_code), struct client *c, key_code key, int current)
+mode_tree_each_tagged(struct mode_tree_data *mtd, mode_tree_each_cb cb,
+    struct client *c, key_code key, int current)
 {
 	struct mode_tree_item	*mti;
 	u_int			 i;
@@ -288,10 +287,9 @@ mode_tree_each_tagged(struct mode_tree_data *mtd, void (*cb)(void *, void *,
 
 struct mode_tree_data *
 mode_tree_start(struct window_pane *wp, struct args *args,
-    void (*buildcb)(void *, u_int, uint64_t *, const char *),
-    struct screen *(*drawcb)(void *, void *, u_int, u_int),
-    int (*searchcb)(void *, void *, const char *), void *modedata,
-    const char **sort_list, u_int sort_size, struct screen **s)
+    mode_tree_build_cb buildcb, mode_tree_draw_cb drawcb,
+    mode_tree_search_cb searchcb, void *modedata, const char **sort_list,
+    u_int sort_size, struct screen **s)
 {
 	struct mode_tree_data	*mtd;
 	const char		*sort;
@@ -463,7 +461,7 @@ void
 mode_tree_draw(struct mode_tree_data *mtd)
 {
 	struct window_pane	*wp = mtd->wp;
-	struct screen		*s = &mtd->screen, *box = NULL;
+	struct screen		*s = &mtd->screen;
 	struct mode_tree_line	*line;
 	struct mode_tree_item	*mti;
 	struct options		*oo = wp->window->options;
@@ -591,13 +589,9 @@ mode_tree_draw(struct mode_tree_data *mtd)
 	box_x = w - 4;
 	box_y = sy - h - 2;
 
-	if (box_x != 0 && box_y != 0)
-		box = mtd->drawcb(mtd->modedata, mti->itemdata, box_x, box_y);
-	if (box != NULL) {
+	if (box_x != 0 && box_y != 0) {
 		screen_write_cursormove(&ctx, 2, h + 1);
-		screen_write_fast_copy(&ctx, box, 0, 0, box_x, box_y);
-
-		screen_free(box);
+		mtd->drawcb(mtd->modedata, mti->itemdata, &ctx, box_x, box_y);
 	}
 
 	screen_write_stop(&ctx);
diff --git a/screen-write.c b/screen-write.c
index 37a51fcb..44c28982 100644
--- a/screen-write.c
+++ b/screen-write.c
@@ -457,7 +457,7 @@ screen_write_vline(struct screen_write_ctx *ctx, u_int ny, int top, int bottom)
 		screen_write_cursormove(ctx, cx, cy + i);
 		screen_write_putc(ctx, &gc, 'x');
 	}
-	screen_write_cursormove(ctx, cx, cy + ny);
+	screen_write_cursormove(ctx, cx, cy + ny - 1);
 	screen_write_putc(ctx, &gc, bottom ? 'v' : 'x');
 
 	screen_write_cursormove(ctx, cx, cy);
diff --git a/tmux.h b/tmux.h
index 62e88248..dcd4c676 100644
--- a/tmux.h
+++ b/tmux.h
@@ -2225,17 +2225,20 @@ u_int		 layout_set_next(struct window *);
 u_int		 layout_set_previous(struct window *);
 
 /* mode-tree.c */
+typedef void (*mode_tree_build_cb)(void *, u_int, uint64_t *, const char *);
+typedef void (*mode_tree_draw_cb)(void *, void *, struct screen_write_ctx *,
+    u_int, u_int);
+typedef int (*mode_tree_search_cb)(void *, void *, const char *);
+typedef void (*mode_tree_each_cb)(void *, void *, struct client *, key_code);
 u_int	 mode_tree_count_tagged(struct mode_tree_data *);
 void	*mode_tree_get_current(struct mode_tree_data *);
-void	 mode_tree_each_tagged(struct mode_tree_data *, void (*)(void *, void *,
-	     struct client *, key_code), struct client *, key_code, int);
+void	 mode_tree_each_tagged(struct mode_tree_data *, mode_tree_each_cb,
+	     struct client *, key_code, int);
 void	 mode_tree_up(struct mode_tree_data *, int);
 void	 mode_tree_down(struct mode_tree_data *, int);
 struct mode_tree_data *mode_tree_start(struct window_pane *, struct args *,
-	     void (*)(void *, u_int, uint64_t *, const char *),
-	     struct screen *(*)(void *, void *, u_int, u_int),
-	     int (*)(void *, void *, const char *), void *, const char **,
-	     u_int, struct screen **);
+	     mode_tree_build_cb, mode_tree_draw_cb, mode_tree_search_cb,
+	     void *, const char **, u_int, struct screen **);
 void	 mode_tree_build(struct mode_tree_data *);
 void	 mode_tree_free(struct mode_tree_data *);
 void	 mode_tree_resize(struct mode_tree_data *, u_int, u_int);
diff --git a/window-buffer.c b/window-buffer.c
index 5f58a858..14b15762 100644
--- a/window-buffer.c
+++ b/window-buffer.c
@@ -196,26 +196,20 @@ window_buffer_build(void *modedata, u_int sort_type, __unused uint64_t *tag,
 
 }
 
-static struct screen *
-window_buffer_draw(__unused void *modedata, void *itemdata, u_int sx, u_int sy)
+static void
+window_buffer_draw(__unused void *modedata, void *itemdata,
+    struct screen_write_ctx *ctx, u_int sx, u_int sy)
 {
 	struct window_buffer_itemdata	*item = itemdata;
 	struct paste_buffer		*pb;
-	static struct screen		 s;
-	struct screen_write_ctx		 ctx;
 	char				 line[1024];
 	const char			*pdata, *end, *cp;
 	size_t				 psize, at;
-	u_int				 i;
+	u_int				 i, cx = ctx->s->cx, cy = ctx->s->cy;
 
 	pb = paste_get_name(item->name);
 	if (pb == NULL)
-		return (NULL);
-
-	screen_init(&s, sx, sy, 0);
-
-	screen_write_start(&ctx, NULL, &s);
-	screen_write_clearscreen(&ctx, 8);
+		return;
 
 	pdata = end = paste_buffer_data(pb, &psize);
 	for (i = 0; i < sy; i++) {
@@ -232,17 +226,14 @@ window_buffer_draw(__unused void *modedata, void *itemdata, u_int sx, u_int sy)
 		line[at] = '\0';
 
 		if (*line != '\0') {
-			screen_write_cursormove(&ctx, 0, i);
-			screen_write_puts(&ctx, &grid_default_cell, "%s", line);
+			screen_write_cursormove(ctx, cx, cy + i);
+			screen_write_puts(ctx, &grid_default_cell, "%s", line);
 		}
 
 		if (end == pdata + psize)
 			break;
 		end++;
 	}
-
-	screen_write_stop(&ctx);
-	return (&s);
 }
 
 static int
diff --git a/window-client.c b/window-client.c
index fc5b55e7..5f1b58ba 100644
--- a/window-client.c
+++ b/window-client.c
@@ -210,37 +210,29 @@ window_client_build(void *modedata, u_int sort_type, __unused uint64_t *tag,
 	}
 }
 
-static struct screen *
-window_client_draw(__unused void *modedata, void *itemdata, u_int sx, u_int sy)
+static void
+window_client_draw(__unused void *modedata, void *itemdata,
+    struct screen_write_ctx *ctx, u_int sx, u_int sy)
 {
 	struct window_client_itemdata	*item = itemdata;
 	struct client			*c = item->c;
 	struct window_pane		*wp;
-	static struct screen		 s;
-	struct screen_write_ctx		 ctx;
+	u_int				 cx = ctx->s->cx, cy = ctx->s->cy;
 
 	if (c->session == NULL || (c->flags & (CLIENT_DEAD|CLIENT_DETACHING)))
-		return (NULL);
+		return;
 	wp = c->session->curw->window->active;
 
-	screen_init(&s, sx, sy, 0);
+	screen_write_preview(ctx, &wp->base, sx, sy - 3);
 
-	screen_write_start(&ctx, NULL, &s);
-	screen_write_clearscreen(&ctx, 8);
+	screen_write_cursormove(ctx, cx, cy + sy - 2);
+	screen_write_hline(ctx, sx, 0, 0);
 
-	screen_write_preview(&ctx, &wp->base, sx, sy - 3);
-
-	screen_write_cursormove(&ctx, 0, sy - 2);
-	screen_write_hline(&ctx, sx, 0, 0);
-
-	screen_write_cursormove(&ctx, 0, sy - 1);
+	screen_write_cursormove(ctx, cx, cy + sy - 1);
 	if (c->old_status != NULL)
-		screen_write_fast_copy(&ctx, c->old_status, 0, 0, sx, 1);
+		screen_write_fast_copy(ctx, c->old_status, 0, 0, sx, 1);
 	else
-		screen_write_fast_copy(&ctx, &c->status, 0, 0, sx, 1);
-
-	screen_write_stop(&ctx);
-	return (&s);
+		screen_write_fast_copy(ctx, &c->status, 0, 0, sx, 1);
 }
 
 static struct screen *
diff --git a/window-tree.c b/window-tree.c
index c83db557..8e676c72 100644
--- a/window-tree.c
+++ b/window-tree.c
@@ -482,6 +482,7 @@ window_tree_draw_session(struct window_tree_modedata *data, struct session *s,
 	struct options		*oo = s->options;
 	struct winlink		*wl;
 	struct window		*w;
+	u_int			 cx = ctx->s->cx, cy = ctx->s->cy;
 	u_int			 loop, total, visible, each, width, offset;
 	u_int			 current, start, end, remaining, i;
 	struct grid_cell	 gc;
@@ -544,15 +545,15 @@ window_tree_draw_session(struct window_tree_modedata *data, struct session *s,
 		return;
 
 	if (left) {
-		screen_write_cursormove(ctx, 2, 0);
+		screen_write_cursormove(ctx, cx + 2, cy);
 		screen_write_vline(ctx, sy, 0, 0);
-		screen_write_cursormove(ctx, 0, sy / 2);
+		screen_write_cursormove(ctx, cx, cy + sy / 2);
 		screen_write_puts(ctx, &grid_default_cell, "<");
 	}
 	if (right) {
-		screen_write_cursormove(ctx, sx - 3, 0);
+		screen_write_cursormove(ctx, cx + sx - 3, cy);
 		screen_write_vline(ctx, sy, 0, 0);
-		screen_write_cursormove(ctx, sx - 1, sy / 2);
+		screen_write_cursormove(ctx, cx + sx - 1, cy + sy / 2);
 		screen_write_puts(ctx, &grid_default_cell, ">");
 	}
 
@@ -580,17 +581,18 @@ window_tree_draw_session(struct window_tree_modedata *data, struct session *s,
 		else
 			width = each - 1;
 
-		screen_write_cursormove(ctx, offset, 0);
+		screen_write_cursormove(ctx, cx + offset, cy);
 		screen_write_preview(ctx, &w->active->base, width, sy);
 
 		xasprintf(&label, " %u:%s ", wl->idx, w->name);
 		if (strlen(label) > width)
 			xasprintf(&label, " %u ", wl->idx);
-		window_tree_draw_label(ctx, offset, 0, width, sy, &gc, label);
+		window_tree_draw_label(ctx, cx + offset, cy, width, sy, &gc,
+		    label);
 		free(label);
 
 		if (loop != end - 1) {
-			screen_write_cursormove(ctx, offset + width, 0);
+			screen_write_cursormove(ctx, cx + offset + width, cy);
 			screen_write_vline(ctx, sy, 0, 0);
 		}
 		loop++;
@@ -605,6 +607,7 @@ window_tree_draw_window(struct window_tree_modedata *data, struct session *s,
 {
 	struct options		*oo = s->options;
 	struct window_pane	*wp;
+	u_int			 cx = ctx->s->cx, cy = ctx->s->cy;
 	u_int			 loop, total, visible, each, width, offset;
 	u_int			 current, start, end, remaining, i;
 	struct grid_cell	 gc;
@@ -667,15 +670,15 @@ window_tree_draw_window(struct window_tree_modedata *data, struct session *s,
 		return;
 
 	if (left) {
-		screen_write_cursormove(ctx, 2, 0);
+		screen_write_cursormove(ctx, cx + 2, cy);
 		screen_write_vline(ctx, sy, 0, 0);
-		screen_write_cursormove(ctx, 0, sy / 2);
+		screen_write_cursormove(ctx, cx, cy + sy / 2);
 		screen_write_puts(ctx, &grid_default_cell, "<");
 	}
 	if (right) {
-		screen_write_cursormove(ctx, sx - 3, 0);
+		screen_write_cursormove(ctx, cx + sx - 3, cy);
 		screen_write_vline(ctx, sy, 0, 0);
-		screen_write_cursormove(ctx, sx - 1, sy / 2);
+		screen_write_cursormove(ctx, cx + sx - 1, cy + sy / 2);
 		screen_write_puts(ctx, &grid_default_cell, ">");
 	}
 
@@ -702,17 +705,18 @@ window_tree_draw_window(struct window_tree_modedata *data, struct session *s,
 		else
 			width = each - 1;
 
-		screen_write_cursormove(ctx, offset, 0);
+		screen_write_cursormove(ctx, cx + offset, cy);
 		screen_write_preview(ctx, &wp->base, width, sy);
 
 		if (window_pane_index(wp, &pane_idx) != 0)
 			pane_idx = loop;
 		xasprintf(&label, " %u ", pane_idx);
-		window_tree_draw_label(ctx, offset, 0, each, sy, &gc, label);
+		window_tree_draw_label(ctx, cx + offset, cy, each, sy, &gc,
+		    label);
 		free(label);
 
 		if (loop != end - 1) {
-			screen_write_cursormove(ctx, offset + width, 0);
+			screen_write_cursormove(ctx, cx + offset + width, cy);
 			screen_write_vline(ctx, sy, 0, 0);
 		}
 		loop++;
@@ -721,39 +725,32 @@ window_tree_draw_window(struct window_tree_modedata *data, struct session *s,
 	}
 }
 
-static struct screen *
-window_tree_draw(void *modedata, void *itemdata, u_int sx, u_int sy)
+static void
+window_tree_draw(void *modedata, void *itemdata, struct screen_write_ctx *ctx,
+    u_int sx, u_int sy)
 {
 	struct window_tree_itemdata	*item = itemdata;
 	struct session			*sp;
 	struct winlink			*wlp;
 	struct window_pane		*wp;
-	static struct screen		 s;
-	struct screen_write_ctx		 ctx;
 
 	window_tree_pull_item(item, &sp, &wlp, &wp);
 	if (wp == NULL)
-		return (NULL);
-
-	screen_init(&s, sx, sy, 0);
-	screen_write_start(&ctx, NULL, &s);
+		return;
 
 	switch (item->type) {
 	case WINDOW_TREE_NONE:
-		return (0);
+		break;
 	case WINDOW_TREE_SESSION:
-		window_tree_draw_session(modedata, sp, &ctx, sx, sy);
+		window_tree_draw_session(modedata, sp, ctx, sx, sy);
 		break;
 	case WINDOW_TREE_WINDOW:
-		window_tree_draw_window(modedata, sp, wlp->window, &ctx, sx, sy);
+		window_tree_draw_window(modedata, sp, wlp->window, ctx, sx, sy);
 		break;
 	case WINDOW_TREE_PANE:
-		screen_write_preview(&ctx, &wp->base, sx, sy);
+		screen_write_preview(ctx, &wp->base, sx, sy);
 		break;
 	}
-
-	screen_write_stop(&ctx);
-	return (&s);
 }
 
 static int