diff --git a/arguments.c b/arguments.c
index c8a6ab45..f7b6cbe1 100644
--- a/arguments.c
+++ b/arguments.c
@@ -212,7 +212,9 @@ args_escape(const char *s)
 
 	if (*s == '\0')
 		return (xstrdup(s));
-	if ((strchr(quoted, s[0]) != NULL || s[0] == '~') && s[1] == '\0') {
+	if (s[0] != ' ' &&
+	    (strchr(quoted, s[0]) != NULL || s[0] == '~') &&
+	    s[1] == '\0') {
 		xasprintf(&escaped, "\\%c", s[0]);
 		return (escaped);
 	}
diff --git a/cfg.c b/cfg.c
index f781e825..c29292b2 100644
--- a/cfg.c
+++ b/cfg.c
@@ -90,14 +90,14 @@ start_cfg(void)
 	}
 
 	if (cfg_file == NULL)
-		load_cfg(TMUX_CONF, NULL, NULL, CMD_PARSE_QUIET, NULL);
+		load_cfg(TMUX_CONF, c, NULL, CMD_PARSE_QUIET, NULL);
 
 	if (cfg_file == NULL && (home = find_home()) != NULL) {
 		xasprintf(&cfg_file, "%s/.tmux.conf", home);
 		flags = CMD_PARSE_QUIET;
 	}
 	if (cfg_file != NULL)
-		load_cfg(cfg_file, NULL, NULL, flags, NULL);
+		load_cfg(cfg_file, c, NULL, flags, NULL);
 
 	cmdq_append(NULL, cmdq_get_callback(cfg_done, NULL));
 }
@@ -127,6 +127,7 @@ load_cfg(const char *path, struct client *c, struct cmdq_item *item, int flags,
 	pi.file = path;
 	pi.line = 1;
 	pi.item = item;
+	pi.c = c;
 
 	pr = cmd_parse_from_file(f, &pi);
 	fclose(f);
@@ -146,7 +147,7 @@ load_cfg(const char *path, struct client *c, struct cmdq_item *item, int flags,
 	if (item != NULL)
 		cmdq_insert_after(item, new_item0);
 	else
-		cmdq_append(c, new_item0);
+		cmdq_append(NULL, new_item0);
 	cmd_list_free(pr->cmdlist);
 
 	if (new_item != NULL)
diff --git a/cmd-show-options.c b/cmd-show-options.c
index 756f763c..8548d515 100644
--- a/cmd-show-options.c
+++ b/cmd-show-options.c
@@ -30,16 +30,16 @@
 static enum cmd_retval	cmd_show_options_exec(struct cmd *, struct cmdq_item *);
 
 static void		cmd_show_options_print(struct cmd *, struct cmdq_item *,
-			    struct options_entry *, int);
+			    struct options_entry *, int, int);
 static enum cmd_retval	cmd_show_options_all(struct cmd *, struct cmdq_item *,
-		    	    struct options *);
+			    enum options_table_scope, struct options *);
 
 const struct cmd_entry cmd_show_options_entry = {
 	.name = "show-options",
 	.alias = "show",
 
-	.args = { "gHqst:vw", 0, 1 },
-	.usage = "[-gHqsvw] [-t target-session|target-window] [option]",
+	.args = { "AgHqst:vw", 0, 1 },
+	.usage = "[-AgHqsvw] [-t target-session|target-window] [option]",
 
 	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_WINDOW, CMD_FIND_CANFAIL },
 
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ cmd_show_options_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	enum options_table_scope	 scope;
 	char				*argument, *name = NULL, *cause;
 	const char			*target;
-	int				 window, idx, ambiguous;
+	int				 window, idx, ambiguous, parent;
 	struct options_entry		*o;
 
 	window = (self->entry == &cmd_show_window_options_entry);
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ cmd_show_options_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 			free(cause);
 			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 		}
-		return (cmd_show_options_all(self, item, oo));
+		return (cmd_show_options_all(self, item, scope, oo));
 	}
 	argument = format_single(item, args->argv[0], c, s, wl, NULL);
 
@@ -163,8 +163,13 @@ cmd_show_options_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		goto fail;
 	}
 	o = options_get_only(oo, name);
+	if (args_has(args, 'A') && o == NULL) {
+		o = options_get(oo, name);
+		parent = 1;
+	} else
+		parent = 0;
 	if (o != NULL)
-		cmd_show_options_print(self, item, o, idx);
+		cmd_show_options_print(self, item, o, idx, parent);
 
 	free(name);
 	free(argument);
@@ -178,7 +183,7 @@ fail:
 
 static void
 cmd_show_options_print(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item,
-    struct options_entry *o, int idx)
+    struct options_entry *o, int idx, int parent)
 {
 	struct options_array_item	*a;
 	const char			*name = options_name(o);
@@ -197,7 +202,8 @@ cmd_show_options_print(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item,
 			}
 			while (a != NULL) {
 				idx = options_array_item_index(a);
-				cmd_show_options_print(self, item, o, idx);
+				cmd_show_options_print(self, item, o, idx,
+				    parent);
 				a = options_array_next(a);
 			}
 			return;
@@ -209,10 +215,17 @@ cmd_show_options_print(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item,
 		cmdq_print(item, "%s", value);
 	else if (options_isstring(o)) {
 		escaped = args_escape(value);
-		cmdq_print(item, "%s %s", name, escaped);
+		if (parent)
+			cmdq_print(item, "%s* %s", name, escaped);
+		else
+			cmdq_print(item, "%s %s", name, escaped);
 		free(escaped);
-	} else
-		cmdq_print(item, "%s %s", name, value);
+	} else {
+		if (parent)
+			cmdq_print(item, "%s* %s", name, value);
+		else
+			cmdq_print(item, "%s %s", name, value);
+	}
 	free(value);
 
 	free(tmp);
@@ -220,39 +233,54 @@ cmd_show_options_print(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item,
 
 static enum cmd_retval
 cmd_show_options_all(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item,
-    struct options *oo)
+    enum options_table_scope scope, struct options *oo)
 {
+	const struct options_table_entry	*oe;
 	struct options_entry			*o;
 	struct options_array_item		*a;
 	u_int					 idx;
-	const struct options_table_entry	*oe;
+	int					 parent;
+
+	for (oe = options_table; oe->name != NULL; oe++) {
+		if (oe->scope != scope)
+			continue;
 
-	o = options_first(oo);
-	while (o != NULL) {
-		oe = options_table_entry(o);
 		if ((self->entry != &cmd_show_hooks_entry &&
 		    !args_has(self->args, 'H') &&
 		    oe != NULL &&
 		    (oe->flags & OPTIONS_TABLE_IS_HOOK)) ||
 		    (self->entry == &cmd_show_hooks_entry &&
 		    (oe == NULL ||
-		    (~oe->flags & OPTIONS_TABLE_IS_HOOK)))) {
-			o = options_next(o);
+		    (~oe->flags & OPTIONS_TABLE_IS_HOOK))))
 			continue;
-		}
+
+		o = options_get_only(oo, oe->name);
+		if (o == NULL) {
+			if (!args_has(self->args, 'A'))
+				continue;
+			o = options_get(oo, oe->name);
+			if (o == NULL)
+				continue;
+			parent = 1;
+		} else
+			parent = 0;
+
 		if (!options_isarray(o))
-			cmd_show_options_print(self, item, o, -1);
+			cmd_show_options_print(self, item, o, -1, parent);
 		else if ((a = options_array_first(o)) == NULL) {
-			if (!args_has(self->args, 'v'))
-				cmdq_print(item, "%s", options_name(o));
+			if (!args_has(self->args, 'v')) {
+				if (parent)
+					cmdq_print(item, "%s*", options_name(o));
+				else
+					cmdq_print(item, "%s", options_name(o));
+			}
 		} else {
 			while (a != NULL) {
 				idx = options_array_item_index(a);
-				cmd_show_options_print(self, item, o, idx);
+				cmd_show_options_print(self, item, o, idx, parent);
 				a = options_array_next(a);
 			}
 		}
-		o = options_next(o);
 	}
 	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 }
diff --git a/format.c b/format.c
index f5754f0d..dec8932e 100644
--- a/format.c
+++ b/format.c
@@ -2022,10 +2022,10 @@ void
 format_defaults(struct format_tree *ft, struct client *c, struct session *s,
     struct winlink *wl, struct window_pane *wp)
 {
-	if (c != NULL)
+	if (c != NULL && c->name != NULL)
 		log_debug("%s: c=%s", __func__, c->name);
 	else
-		log_debug("%s: s=none", __func__);
+		log_debug("%s: c=none", __func__);
 	if (s != NULL)
 		log_debug("%s: s=$%u", __func__, s->id);
 	else
diff --git a/server-client.c b/server-client.c
index ae41278a..0382b58f 100644
--- a/server-client.c
+++ b/server-client.c
@@ -1948,26 +1948,29 @@ server_client_dispatch_identify(struct client *c, struct imsg *imsg)
 
 		close(c->fd);
 		c->fd = -1;
-
-		return;
+	} else if (c->fd != -1) {
+		if (tty_init(&c->tty, c, c->fd, c->term) != 0) {
+			close(c->fd);
+			c->fd = -1;
+		} else {
+			if (c->flags & CLIENT_UTF8)
+				c->tty.flags |= TTY_UTF8;
+			if (c->flags & CLIENT_256COLOURS)
+				c->tty.term_flags |= TERM_256COLOURS;
+			tty_resize(&c->tty);
+			c->flags |= CLIENT_TERMINAL;
+		}
 	}
 
-	if (c->fd == -1)
-		return;
-	if (tty_init(&c->tty, c, c->fd, c->term) != 0) {
-		close(c->fd);
-		c->fd = -1;
-		return;
-	}
-	if (c->flags & CLIENT_UTF8)
-		c->tty.flags |= TTY_UTF8;
-	if (c->flags & CLIENT_256COLOURS)
-		c->tty.term_flags |= TERM_256COLOURS;
-
-	tty_resize(&c->tty);
-
-	if (!(c->flags & CLIENT_CONTROL))
-		c->flags |= CLIENT_TERMINAL;
+	/*
+	 * If this is the first client that has finished identifying, load
+	 * configuration files.
+	 */
+	if ((~c->flags & CLIENT_EXIT) &&
+	    !cfg_finished &&
+	    c == TAILQ_FIRST(&clients) &&
+	    TAILQ_NEXT(c, entry) == NULL)
+		start_cfg();
 }
 
 /* Handle shell message. */
diff --git a/server.c b/server.c
index eceb83e5..a5d5e37f 100644
--- a/server.c
+++ b/server.c
@@ -207,8 +207,7 @@ server_start(struct tmuxproc *client, struct event_base *base, int lockfd,
 		cmdq_append(c, cmdq_get_error(cause));
 		free(cause);
 		c->flags |= CLIENT_EXIT;
-	} else
-		start_cfg();
+	}
 
 	server_add_accept(0);
 	proc_loop(server_proc, server_loop);
diff --git a/tmux.1 b/tmux.1
index 9188ba47..6aa6d29f 100644
--- a/tmux.1
+++ b/tmux.1
@@ -3685,7 +3685,7 @@ function key sequences; these have a number included to indicate modifiers such
 as Shift, Alt or Ctrl.
 .El
 .It Xo Ic show-options
-.Op Fl gHqsvw
+.Op Fl AgHqsvw
 .Op Fl t Ar target-session | Ar target-window
 .Op Ar option
 .Xc
@@ -3719,6 +3719,9 @@ is set, no error will be returned if
 is unset.
 .Fl H
 includes hooks (omitted by default).
+.Fl A
+includes options inherited from a parent set of options, such options are
+marked with an asterisk.
 .It Xo Ic show-window-options
 .Op Fl gv
 .Op Fl t Ar target-window